Crop Biosecurity

1
Crop Biosecurity Plant Health Emergency
Management
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Osama El-Lissy Director, Emergency
Management Plant Protection and
Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service USDA Riverdale, MD
2
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

3
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

4
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

5
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

6
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

7
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

8
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

9
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

10
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

11
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

12
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Potato Cyst Nematode (ID)
• Gladiolus Rust (FL, CA)
• Boxwood Rust (PA, MD, VA, NC)
• Citrus Greening (FL)
• Citrus Canker (FL)
• Red Palm Mite (Puerto Rico)
• Plum Pox Virus (NY, MI, PA)

13
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Sirex noctilio (NY)
• Emerald Ash Borer (MI, IN, IL, OH)
• Fruit Fly Outbreaks (CA, FL, MX)
• Red-belted Clearwing Moth (WA)
• Q Biotype Whitefly (21 states)

14
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Sirex noctilio (NY)
• Emerald Ash Borer (MI, IN, IL, OH)
• Fruit Fly Outbreaks (CA, FL, MX)
• Red-belted Clearwing Moth (WA)
• Q Biotype Whitefly (21 states)

15
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Sirex noctilio (NY)
• Emerald Ash Borer (MI, IN, IL, OH)
• Fruit Fly Outbreaks (CA, FL, MX)
• Red-belted Clearwing Moth (WA)
• Q Biotype Whitefly (21 states)

16
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Sirex noctilio (NY)
• Emerald Ash Borer (MI, IN, IL, OH)
• Fruit Fly Outbreaks (CA, FL, MX)
• Red-belted Clearwing Moth (WA)
• Q Biotype Whitefly (21 states)

17
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies

• 2006 Summary

• Sirex noctilio (NY)
• Emerald Ash Borer (MI, IN, IL, OH)
• Fruit Fly Outbreaks (CA, FL, MX)
• Red-belted Clearwing Moth (WA)
• Q Biotype Whitefly (21 states)

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Pest and Disease Pathways
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Unintentional
Intentional

• Natural Movement
• Accidental Introduction

• Smuggling
• Bioterrorism

19
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• American Agriculture Accounts for
• 13 of the Gross Domestic Product
• 17 of all employment in the U.S.
• 25 million Americans are employed in
  agricultural-related industries
• Agricultural industry valued at 230 billion
• Agricultural Exports account for 140 billion
• 860,000 jobs

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United States Department of Agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
21
Plant Protection Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Mission
Safeguard agriculture and natural resources from
risks associated with the entry, establishment,
or spread of animal and plant pests and noxious
weeds.
Plant Protection Act, 2000 Ag. Bioterrorism
Protection Act, 2002
22
Plant Protection Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Vision
Highly Coordinated Systems Science-based Maxim
um Protection Minimum Adverse Impact
Inclusive
23
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Homeland Security Presidential Directives
HSPD-5 Management of Domestic Incidents
(NIMS/ICS)
HSPD-7 Critical Infrastructure Identification,
Prioritization, and Protection
HSPD-8 National Preparedness
HSPD-9 Comprehensive Policy to Defend
Agriculture Against Terrorism
24
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• National Response Plan (NRP)

? The purpose of the NRP is to establish a
comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to
domestic incident management across a spectrum of
activities including prevention, preparedness,
response, and recovery.
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United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• National Response Plan (NRP)

Application
? Terrorism - Biological, Nuclear/Radiological,
Cyber, Catastrophic, Food and Agriculture, and
Oil and Hazardous Materials Incidents.
? Natural Disasters - Disaster Mitigation Act of
2000 (Stafford Act)
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United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• National Response Plan (NRP)

? Lead Federal Agency
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

• State, Local, and Tribal Governments

• Private Sector

• Nongovernmental Organizations

27
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• National Response Plan (NRP)

? Other Federal Agencies Emergency Support
Functions (ESF)
ESF 1 Transportation ESF 2
Communications ESF 3 Public Works and
Engineering ESF 4 Firefighting ESF 5
Emergency Management ESF 6 Mass Care, Housing,
and Human Services ESF 7 Resource Support ESF
8 Public Health and Medical Services ESF 9
Urban Search and Rescue ESF 10 Oil and
Hazardous Materials Response ESF 11
Agriculture and Natural Resources ESF 12
Energy ESF 13 Public Safety and Security ESF
14 Long-Term Community Recovery and
Mitigation ESF 15 External Affairs
28
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• National Response Plan (NRP)

? Other Federal Agencies Emergency Support
Functions (ESF)
ESF 1 Transportation ESF 2
Communications ESF 3 Public Works and
Engineering ESF 4 Firefighting ESF 5
Emergency Management ESF 6 Mass Care, Housing,
and Human Services ESF 7 Resource Support ESF
8 Public Health and Medical Services ESF 9
Urban Search and Rescue ESF 10 Oil and
Hazardous Materials Response ESF 11
Agriculture and Natural Resources ESF 12
Energy ESF 13 Public Safety and Security ESF
14 Long-Term Community Recovery and
Mitigation ESF 15 External Affairs
29
Emergency Response and RecoveryPlant Health vs.
All Hazards
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health All Hazards
Lead Agency APHIS-PPQ FEMA
Authority Plant Protection Act Homeland Security Act
Policy NIMS-ICS National Response Plan NIMS-ICS
APHIS Role Primary ESF11 (Agriculture)
Presidential Declaration Not required Required
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United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies
Detection, Diagnostics, and Confirmation
Agricultural Extension
NPDN
Grower/ Inspection
State Department of Agriculture
State Laboratory
State Plant Health Director
Others
Private Consultant
Pest/Disease Detection
Initial Screening
31
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergencies
Detection, Diagnostics, and Confirmation
NPDN
PPQ-EDP
PPQ-PSPI-NIS
State Laboratory
CPHST
Others
Initial Screening
Confirmation/Reporting Response
32
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Plant Health Emergency Action Plan
33
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
ICS - Command Staff
34
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
ICS - General Staff
35
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
36
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• Off-Shore Pre-Clearance Program

1. Prevention

• Agricultural Quarantine Inspection

2. Preparedness

• Permits

• Surveillance

3. Response

• Critical Infrastructure

• Vulnerability Assessment

4. Recovery

• Mitigations

37
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
Wheat Stem Rust - Ug 99
38
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• Off-Shore Pest Information System

1. Prevention

• NAPPO Phytosanitary Alert System

• Risk Assessment

2. Preparedness

• Science Panels

3. Response

• New Pest Response Guidelines

• Diagnostics (development, validation, capacity)

4. Recovery

• Survey Detection (CAPS, NAPIS, NBIS)

• Treatment (mitigation)

• Infrastructure

• Training (ICS, survey, diagnostics, data
• management, mitigation, exercises, etc.)

39
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
ICS Training (2005)
1. Prevention

• ICS 100/200
• Table-Top Exercises (9)
• Full-Scale Exercise (3)
• I- 300 (3)
• I- 400 (3)

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
40
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
ICS Training (2006)
1. Prevention

• ICS 100/200
• Table-Top Exercises (11)
• Full-Scale Exercise (4)
• I- 300 (5)
• I- 400 (5)

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
41
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
ICS Training (2007)
1. Prevention

• ICS 100/200
• Table-Top Exercises (11)
• Full-Scale Exercise (4)
• I- 300 (8)
• I- 400 (7)
• I- 420 (1)
• S- 404 (1)

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
42
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
Asiatic Soybean Rust
43
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• Implementation Plan
• Generic and Sector-Specific Elements

1. Prevention

• Incident Command System Federal and State
  Unified Command

2. Preparedness

• Survey - Detection
• Adequate Timely

3. Response

• Diagnostics
• Accurate and Timely

4. Recovery

• Mitigations
• Timely containment, control, and eradication

• Data Management

44
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
Potato Cyst Nematode
45
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention

• National Plant Disease Recovery System

2. Preparedness

• Prevention Elements

• Survey and Detection

3. Response

• Long-Term Pest Control Systems

4. Recovery
46
Plant Health Emergencies Four Elements
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
Citrus Health Response Plan
47
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
48
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Headquarters

• Office of the Deputy Administrator
• Leadership
• Emergency and Domestic Programs
• National Coordination for Crop Biosecurity
• Program Design ICS Leadership
• Action and Regulatory Plans
• Off-Shore Pest Information System
• Communication
• Funding

49
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Headquarters (cont.)

• Plant Health Programs
• Select Agent Program / Permits
• Smuggling, Interdiction and Trade Compliance
• CBP Liaison
• Plant Safeguarding and Pest Identification
• Phytosanitary Issue Management
• Professional Development Center (PDC)
• Training
• Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ)
• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• Incident Command System

50
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
2. Center for Plant Health Science Technology
(CPHST)

• Pest Risk Assessments
• Technical Working Groups
• Science-Based Solutions
• Survey and Detection
• Diagnostics
• Development, Validation, Confirmation
• Laboratory Accreditation
• Technical Training
• Control and Eradication Technologies

51
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
3. PPQ Regions


52
Plant Protection and Quarantine Roles
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
3. PPQ Regions

• Implementation of Response Operations
• Coordination State, Federal, and Industry
• Resources Human, Physical, and Fiscal
• Communication and Reporting

53
Federal and State Agencies Partnerships
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• Federal Agencies Departments

1. Prevention

• USDA APHIS, OHS, ARS, CSREES, AMS, GIPSA, FSA,
  FS, FSIS, RMA
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Department of Interior FWS, BIA
• Department of Homeland Security CBP
• Department of Defense
• Department of Justice FBI
• Human Health Services CDC

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
54
Federal and State Agencies Partnerships
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• State Agencies

1. Prevention

• State Departments of Agriculture
• National Plant Board
• National Association of State Departments of
  Agriculture (NASDA)
• State Emergency Management Agencies

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
55
Federal and State Agencies Partnerships
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine

• State Agencies

1. Prevention

• State Departments of Agriculture
• National Plant Board
• National Association of State Departments of
  Agriculture (NASDA)
• State Emergency Management Agencies

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
56
Industry and Stakeholders
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
1. Prevention

• Partnership and Coordination
• Agricultural Critical Infrastructure
• Vulnerability Assessment
• Prioritization and Protective Measures
• Mitigation Strategies

2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
57
Partnerships
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
58
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Protecting American Agriculture
59
United States Department of Agriculture Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant
Protection and Quarantine
Osama El-Lissy Emergency Domestic Programs
[phone]
Osama.A.El-Lissy_at_APHIS.USDA.GOV