Immune System

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Immune System
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31.1 Infectious Diseases

• Pathogen an organism that causes a virus or
  disease to another organism
• Infectious Disease a disease caused by a
  pathogen
• List Methods of Transmission
• Physical Contact
• Sexual Contact
• Contaminated Food or Water
• Animal interaction

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31.1 Infectious Diseases

• The Germ Theory of Disease is the theory that
  infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that
  spread the disease from one organism to another
  organism.

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31.2 Human Defenses

• The skin acts as physical barriers
• Mucous membrane
• Cilia sweep away materials that are inhaled
• Stomach acid which destroys microorganisms that
  are ingested
• White blood cells witch destroy invader that
  enter the blood
• Interferon's produced by cells that have been
  infected with a virus an carry a signal to
  adjacent cells thereby protecting them from the
  infecting virus

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31.3 Immune System

• Immunity youre body is resistant to the
  pathogens that causes a specific disease
• Antigen a large molecule, usually a protein,
  that provokes an immune response
• Antibodies protein found on the surface of
  certain white blood cells or in blood plasma that
  attaches particular antigens
• B cells lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow
  and produces antibodies responsible for humoral
  immunity
• T cells lymphocyte that matures in the thymus
  is responsible for cell-mediated immunity and
  also plays a role in humoral immunity
• Plasma cell provides and secrets antibodies
  specific to the antigen that activated the
  original B cell
• Humoral immunity immunity that originates from B
  cells
• Cell-mediated immunity type of immunity
  produced by T cells that attack infected or
  abnormal body cells
• Cytotoxic T cells clones of the T cells which
  attack cells infected with the pathogen that
  triggered the response
• Helper T Cells both humoral and cell-mediated
  immunity get a boost from a type of lymphocyte
• Memory cells long lasting lymphocyte

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Summary of the way the Immune System recognizes
Invaders

• Antigens provoke immune response
• Lymphocytes
• B Cells
• T Cells
• Memory Cells

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31.4 Vaccines

• Vocabulary
• Vaccine- a dose of a pathogen or part of a
  pathogen that has been disabled or destroyed so
  its no longer harmful
• Active immunity- when the body produces
  antibodies against an antigen results from the
  exposure of antigen from infection or disease
• Passive immunity- resistance to a particular
  pathogen that results when the body acquires
  antibodies for it
• Vaccines
• Vaccines are used when pathogens can cause
  serious illness or death
• At this point natural immunity isnt much help
• Vaccines can help stimulate the immune response
  and the formation of memory cells
• Some vaccines are made for the antigen of the
  pathogen
• Others are made from grinding up or heating the
  pathogen so it cant function any more
• Vaccines have been proven to be effective in
  reducing the occurrence of many diseases.

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31.5 Allergies/Autoimmune disease

• Allergies-An abnormal over-sensitivity to a
  non-harmful antigen
• EX pollen, dust
• Autoimmune disease-immune system turn on and
  killing some of bodys on cells
• caused by body producing the wrong immune
  response

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HIV/AIDS

• AIDS caused by HIV
• Pandemic
• Reduces the effect of the immune system
• Transmitted through body fluid
• Tumors/opportunistic infections

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Current event on the Swine Flu

• The swine flu is a strain of Influenza A.
• It has the same symptoms and is passed and
  prevented (hand washing) the same way as the
  regular flu.
• It is dangerous because there is currently no
  vaccine for it.
• Like the last flu epidemic it spread quickly and
  because there was no vaccines, there were many
  deaths.

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10 Study ?s

1. What is a Mast Call? And how does it help the
   immune system?
2. What is the main army for the Immune system?
3. What does interferon do?
4. What is cell mediated immunity?
5. What kind of white blood cell can turn into a
   memory cell?
6. Between the host and the pathogen, which one has
   antibodies, and which one has antigens? What is
   the difference?
7. What exactly is a vaccine? Is it considered
   passive immunity or active immunity?
8. Pathogens include the following, and only the
   following Bacteria, Virus, Fungus, and
   Protozoan. True/false
9. How can deseases be contracted?
10. Allergies are what exactly?

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Answers

• 1. Release histamines
• 2. White blood cell
• 3. Stunts the multiplication of viruses
• 4. The T cells
• 5. Both b and T
• 6.The pathogen has antigens witch act as signals
  to the hosts immune system. The antibodies cover
  the virus so it doesnt multiply.
• 7. A vaccine is an injection of a virus (dead,
  alive, or fixed) in order to create an
  immunity to that virus. It can be either.
• 8. False. Bacteria, virus, protozoan, fungus and
  worms.
• 9. Through air, liquid, or food. And also by
  direct touch
• 10. The bodies over reaction to a harmless
  antigen.