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Vitamins: Vital Keys to Health

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Vital Keys to Health ... make RNA and DNA, helps power protein synthesis Helps synthesize and regulate neurotransmitters ... UL is not set Niacin/B3 Functions: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vitamins: Vital Keys to Health


1
VitaminsVital Keys to Health
  • BIOL 103, Chapter 9-2

2
Todays Topics
  • The Water-Soluble Vitamins Eight Bs and a C
  • Bogus Vitamins

3
Summary of Fat-Soluble Vitamins
4
The Water-Soluble Vitamins Eight Bs and a C
  • Primarily coenzymes
  • Antioxidants
  • What to keep in mind about each vitamins
  • Function
  • Food sources
  • Toxicity vs. Deficiency

5
What is a Coenzyme?
  • Coenzyme a small compound that helps enzymes in
    biochemical reactions. Most coenzymes are derived
    from vitamins or are made from vitamins.

6
Thiamin/B1
  • Functions
  • Coenzyme in _______________________________
  • Part of the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)
  • Helps break down glucose, make RNA and DNA, helps
    power protein synthesis
  • Helps synthesize and regulate neurotransmitters
  • Food sources
  • Pork, legumes, nuts and seeds, fish and seafood,
    enriched grain product
  • Cooking ____________________ content

7
Thiamin/B1
  • Deficiency
  • ________________ overall profound muscle
    weakness and nerve destruction
  • _____________________________
  • Occurs with __________________________ because it
    interferes with B vitamin absorption
  • Q Why would Beriberi be more common in Southeast
    Asia?
  • Toxicity
  • None reported

8
Riboflavin/B2
  • Functions
  • Coenzyme in __________________________ (extracts
    energy from glucose, fatty acids, and amino
    acids)
  • Supports __________________
  • Food sources
  • Milk and dairy products
  • Enriched grains, eggs
  • Deficiency
  • _________________________________
  • Usually occurs with chronic alcoholism
  • Toxicity UL is not set

9
Niacin/B3
  • Functions
  • Coenzyme in _______________________
  • Supports __________________________
  • Food sources
  • Can be made from ____________________
  • Need B1, B6, and iron to convert to B3
  • Whole and enriched grains
  • Meat, poultry, fish, nuts, peanuts

10
Niacin/B3
  • Deficiency
  • ________________ rough skin
  • Four Ds _____________________________________
  • ______________________________________________
  • Can worsen if also deficient in
    ________________________________________.
  • Toxicity and medicinal uses
  • High doses used to treat high blood cholesterol
  • Side effects ______________________________
  • __________________________________________

11
Pyridoxine/B6
  • Functions
  • Coenzyme in _________________________ metabolism
  • Supports _______________________
  • Helps to lower blood levels of homocysteine ?
    reduce risk for heart disease
  • Diagram
  • Food sources
  • Meat, fish, poultry, potatoes, bananas, sunflower
    seeds

12
Pyridoxine/B6
  • Deficiency
  • _______________________________________ anemia
    characterized by small, pale red blood cells that
    lack adequate hemoglobin to carry oxygen.
  • Can also be caused by deficiency in __________
  • Toxicity and medicinal uses
  • Can cause ________________________________
  • Other symptoms upset stomach, headaches,
    sleepiness, tingling/prickling or burning
    sensation

13
Folate/B9
  • Functions
  • Coenzyme in _______________________________
  • Needed for normal ___________________ synthesis
  • Works with ___________________ to help control
    homocysteine levels
  • Food sources
  • Fortified cereals, enriched grains
  • Green, leafy vegetables
  • Think of folate like foliage

14
Folate/B9
  • Deficiency
  • _______________________________
  • Not enough folate ? red blood cells cannot form
    DNA and cannot divide ? become large, immature
    cells ? cannot carry oxygen properly ? anemia
  • Birth defects in the Neural Tube
    ______________________
  • Heart disease from elevated homocysteine levels
  • Toxicity
  • Can mask ___________________ deficiency when you
    take folate supplements

15
Cobalamin/B12
  • Cobalt-containing compounds (cobalamin)
  • Functions
  • Needed for normal __________________ functions
  • DNA and red blood cell synthesis
  • Metabolize homocysteine
  • Maintains myelin sheath around nerves ? _______
    _______________________________
  • Food sources
  • Only animal foods meats, liver, milk, eggs
  • Some fortified foods

16
Cobalamin/B12
  • Absorption
  • Requires ____________________ and
    ___________________________
  • Deficiency
  • Can be caused by Pernicious anemia autoimmune
    disorder that damages stomach linings ? reduced
    B12 absorption
  • Nerve damage
  • Toxicity
  • No UL set

17
Figure 9.32 Absorption of B12
18
Pantothenic Acid/B5
  • Function
  • Component of __________, which is a part of
    acetyl CoA ? helps extract energy from nutrients
    and help build fatty acids
  • Food sources
  • Widespread in foods
  • Reduced by _______________ _______________________
    __
  • Deficiency/Toxicity Rare

19
Biotin/B7
  • Functions
  • Acts as a coenzyme in
  • ________________________________
  • ________________________________
  • ________________________________
  • Release of energy from ____________________
  • Food sources
  • Cauliflower, liver, peanuts, cheese
  • Protein avidin (raw egg whites) binds biotin and
    prevents absorption
  • Deficiency and Toxicity are rare

20
Vitamin C
  • Functions
  • _________________________________
  • Needed for ________________________
  • Other roles
  • Make other essential compounds (steroid hormones,
    thyroid hormones, bile salts, parts of DNA)
  • Enhances the absorption of iron from plant foods
  • Food sources
  • Fruits citrus, strawberries, kiwi
  • Vegetables broccoli, tomatoes, leafy green,
    potatoes

21
Vitamin C
  • Deficiency
  • _____________
  • Toxicity
  • May cause ____________________
  • For some people kidney stones, iron toxicity

22
Choline A Vitamin-Like Substance
  • Function
  • Act as a ___________________ to help metabolize
    homocysteine
  • Food sources
  • Milk, liver, egg yolk, peanuts overall is
    abundant in food
  • Deficiency Unlikely in healthy people
  • Toxicity
  • Diarrhea, falling blood pressure, fishy body odor

23
Bogus Vitamins
  • Bogus vitamins Unnecessary substances found in
    some supplements
  • Examples hesperidin, para-aminobenzoic acid
    (PABA), pangamic acid, rutin
  • Think twice before you buy them!
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