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Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad

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Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Woodrow Wilson won the governorship of New Jersey waging a reform campaign in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad


1
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
2
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Woodrow Wilson won the governorship of New Jersey
    waging a reform campaign in which he attacked the
    predatory trusts and promised to return the state
    government to the people.

3
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The "Bull Moose" Campaign of 1912
  • The Democrats chose Woodrow Wilson as their
    presidential candidate for the election of 1912. 

4
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Democrats saw in Wilson an outstanding
    reformist leader of whom they felt would beat
    Republican Taft.  The Democrats had a
    strong progressive platform that called for
    stronger antitrust laws, banking reform, and
    tariff reductions.

5
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Theodore Roosevelt ran again in the election as a
    3rd party candidate.  It was unsure whether
    Roosevelt's New Nationalism or Wilson's New
    Freedom would prevail.  Both men favored a more
    active government role in economic and social
    affairs, but they disagreed over specific
    strategies. 

6
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Roosevelt's New Nationalism campaigned for
    stronger control of trusts, woman suffrage, and
    programs of social welfare. 
  • .
  •  

7
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson's New Freedom favored small enterprise,
    entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of
    unregulated and unmonopolized markets. 

8
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Democrats shunned the social-welfare programs and
    supported the fragmentation of trusts.

9
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The campaign cooled down when Roosevelt was shot
    by a fanatic.  He eventually recovered after
    suspending campaigning for a couple weeks

10
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Woodrow Wilson  A Minority President
  • Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican votes,
    giving Woodrow Wilson the presidency.

11
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Roosevelt's Progressive Party soon died out due
    to lack of officials elected to state and local
    offices.
  •  

12
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson  The Idealist in Politics
  • Wilson relied on sincerity and moral appeal to
    attract the public.   

13
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • He was extremely smart but lacked the common
    touch with the public. 

14
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • He didn't have people skills.)  Wilson's idealism
    and sense of moral righteousness made him
    incredibly stubborn in negotiating.

15
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson Tackles the Tariff
  • President Wilson called for an all-out war on
    what he called "the triple wall of privilege" 
    the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

16
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson called a special meeting of Congress
    in 1913 to address the tariff.  He convinced
    Congress to pass the Underwood Tariff Bill, which
    significantly reduced the tariff rates. 

17
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Under authority from the 16th Amendment, Congress
    also enacted a graduated income tax.
  •  

18
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • In 1913, President Wilson delivered a plea to
    Congress for a reform of the banking system. 
    Congress answered and in the same year, he signed
    the Federal Reserve Act. 

19
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The new Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the
    president, oversaw a nationwide system of 12
    regional Federal Reserve banks. 

20
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Each reserve bank was the central bank for its
    region.  The final authority of the Federal
    Reserve Board guaranteed a substantial level of
    public control. 

21
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The board was empowered to issue paper
    money, Federal Reserve Notes, backed by
    commercial paper. 

22
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Thus, the amount of money in circulation could be
    increased as needed for the requirements of
    business. 

23
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The President Tames the Trusts
  • After Wilson's persuasion, Congress passed
    the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.   

24
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • This law authorized a presidentially-appointed
    commission to oversee industries engaged in
    interstate commerce, such as the meatpackers. 
    The commissioners were expected to crush
    monopolies at the source.
  • .

25
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 lengthened the
    Sherman Act's list of business practices that
    were deemed objectionable. 

26
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • It also sought to exempt labor and agricultural
    organizations from antitrust prosecution, while
    legalizing strikes and peaceful picketing.  Union
    leader Samuel Gompers praised the act

27
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilsonian Progressivism at High Tide
  • The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 made loans
    available to farmers at low rates of interest. 
    The Warehouse Act of 1916 authorized loans on the
    security of staple crops.

28
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915 benefited
    sailors by requiring decent treatment and a
    living wage on American ships.

29
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • President Wilson assisted the workers with
    the Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916, giving
    assistance to federal civil-service employees
    during periods of disability. .
  •  

30
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Also in 1916, the president approved an act
    restricting child labor on products flowing into
    interstate commerce. 

31
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Adamson Act of 1916 established an 8-hour
    work day for all employees on trains in
    interstate commerce.

32
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson nominated for the Supreme Court
    reformer Louis D. Brandeis, the first Jew to be a
    Supreme Court justice.

33
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • New Directions in Foreign Policy
  • President Wilson was an anti-imperialist and
    withdrew from aggressive foreign policy.
  • .
  •  

34
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • He persuaded Congress in 1914 to repeal the Panama
    Canal Tolls Act of 1912, which had exempted
    American coastal shipping from tolls. 

35
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • He also signed the Jones Act in 1916, which
    granted the Philippines territorial status and
    promised independence as soon as a stable
    government could be established.

36
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • When political turmoil broke out
    in Haiti in 1915, Wilson dispatched marines to
    protect American lives and property. 

37
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • In 1916, he signed a treaty with Haiti providing
    for U.S. supervision of finances and the police.

38
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • In 1917, Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from
    Denmark

39
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
  • In 1913, the Mexican revolution took an ugly turn
    when the president was murdered and replaced
    by General Victoriano Huerta.  Because of the
    chaos in Mexico, millions of Spanish-speaking
    immigrants came to America.
  •  

40
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • At first, President Wilson refused to intervene
    with the war in Mexico.  But after a small party
    of American sailors was accidentally captured by
    the Mexicans, Wilson ordered the navy to seize
    the Mexican port of Vera Cruz.

41
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Just as war seemed imminent with Mexico,
    Argentina, Brazil, and Chile intervened and
    pressured Huerta to step down.
  • .

42
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Venustiano Carranza became the president of
    Mexico.  Francisco Villa, rival to President
    Carranza, attempted to provoke a war between
    Mexico and the U.S by killing Americans. 

43
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson, rather, ordered General John J.
    Perishing to break up Villa's band of outlaws. 

44
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The invading American army was withdrawn from
    Mexico in 1917 as the threat of war with Germany
    loomed

45
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Thunder Across the Sea
  • In 1914,World War I was sparked when the heir to
    the throne of Austria-Hungary was murdered by a
    Serb patriot. 

46
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • An outraged Vienna government, backed by Germany,
    presented an ultimatum to Serbia. .

47
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Serbia, backed by Russia, refused to budge. 
    Russia began to mobilize its army, alarming
    Germany on the east, and France confronted
    Germany on the west.  Germany struck at France
    first and the fighting began. 

48
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Central Powers consisted of Germany,
    Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. 

49
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Allies consisted of France, Britain, Russia,
    Japan, and Italy

50
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • A Precarious Neutrality
  • President Wilson issued the neutrality
    proclamation at the outbreak of WWI.
  •  

51
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Most Americans were anti-Germany from the outset
    of the war.  Kaiser Wilhelm II, the leader of
    Germany, seemed the embodiment of arrogant
    autocracy. 

52
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Yet, the majority of Americans were against war.

53
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • America Earns Blood Money
  • American industry prospered off trade with the
    Allies.  Germany and the Central Powers protested
    American trading with the Allies, although
    America wasn't breaking the international
    neutrality laws --

54
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but
    Britain prevented this trade by controlling the
    Atlantic Ocean by which Germany had to cross in
    order to trade with the U.S.

55
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • In 1915, several months after Germany started to
    use submarines in the war, one of Germany's
    submarines sunk the British liner Lusitania,
    killing 128 Americans.

56
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Americans demanded war but President Wilson stood
    strong on his stance against war.  When Germany
    sunk another British liner, the Arabic, in 1915,
     

57
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Berlin agreed to not sink unarmed passenger ships
    without warning.  Germany continued to sink
    innocent ships as apparent when one of its
    submarines sank a French passenger steamer,
    the Sussex. .

58
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • President Wilson informed the Germans that unless
    they renounced the inhuman practice of sinking
    merchant ships without warning, he would break
    diplomatic relations, leading to war. 

59
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Germany agreed to Wilson's ultimatum, but
    attached additions to their Sussex pledge  the
    United States would have to persuade the Allies
    to modify what Berlin regarded as their illegal
    blockade. 

60
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson accepted the Germany pledge, without
    accepting the "string" of additions

61
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Wilson Wins the Reelection in 1916
  • The Progressive Party and the Republican Party
    met in 1916 to choose their presidential
    candidate.   

62
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • Although nominated by the Progressives, Theodore
    Roosevelt refused to run for president. 

63
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Republicans chose Supreme Court
    justice Charles Evans Hughes.  The Republican
    platform condemned the Democratic tariff,
    assaults on the trusts, and Wilson's dealings
    with Mexico and Germany.

64
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • The Democrats chose Wilson and ran an anti-war
    campaign.  Woodrow Wilson won the election of
    1916 and was reelected to the presidency.
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