Wartime Conferences - WWII

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Wartime Conferences - WWII
SOCIAL 30-2
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Yalta ConferenceFebruary, 1945

• Re-ordering of the map of Europe
• To put an end to German militarism and Nazism
• To punish war criminals and to exact reparations
• To divide Germany into occupation zones
• Confirmed Soviet possession of Eastern Poland
  compensating Poland with German territory
• To assist countries under Allied occupation in
  forming democratically elected interim
  governments.
• Announced a conference of United Nations to be
  held in San Francisco in April 1945

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PotsdamJuly, 1945

• Roosevelt had passed away so new U.S. president
  Truman represented the USA. (Truman was openly
  anti-communist)
• Established four power occupation zones for
  postwar Germany.
• Established plans for the reordering of the
  German economy and German institutions.
• Issued an ultimatum to Japan either to surrender
  or risk total destruction.

The decisions made at these conferences resulted
in the establishment of Soviet and Western Blocs
that would form the basis of a tense rivalry
following the war ultimately this contributed to
a period known as the COLD WAR
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WHAT NOW?

• LIFE AFTER THE BOMB

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(No Transcript)
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To whatextent does ideological conflict shape
international relations?

• The Cold War (1945-1990) shaped the second half
  of the 20th century and it continues to have
  significant influence not only in international
  relations, but also in the citizenship and daily
  lives of people around the world
• The Cold War, which followed the Second World
  War, was an all-out political, economic, and
  social struggle between the USSR and the USAfor
  not only victory over the other, but also for
  influence over other nations and around the world

1945 The Superpowers Emerge
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Cold War Europe Post WWII
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Stalin1927 - March 5, 1953
Harry S. Truman April 12, 1945 January 20,
1953
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• When the war was over, the rivalrous US and USSR
  no longer had a common enemy to fight (Nazi
  Germany) and a reason to shelve their animosity,
  so resumed their conflict (ideological
  differences) with greater energy
• ?the division of Germany (map provided later)
• ?the Marshall Plan (400 million to Greece and
  Turkey)
• ?the Truman Doctrine (13 billion to all war
  ravaged nations)
• ? Stalinization (satellite states as a buffer
  zone)

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• These 2 nations, were the only two nations to
  emerge from the Second World War stronger than
  before they entered it
• They had mobilised their vast resources for
  maximum effect building more weapons and placing
  more citizens under arms than ever before in
  either nations history ( the McCarthy
  investigations)
• They had also expanded their territorial control
  and influence far beyond previous limits
  ...USA... Western Europe and USSR...Eastern
  Europe and Asia

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• Stalin saw postwar Soviet expansionism not only
  as a way to command the world economy but also
  for specific historical and geographical reasons
• ? Stalin wanted to keep Germany divided a
  strong, unified German had invaded Russia invaded
  twice already in the last century. When the US,
  Britain, and France pushed for unifying the
  German zones in order to help the general
  economic recovery of Europe, Stalin opposed the
  idea...at Potsdam...
• ? Stalin wanted to maintain or expand Soviet
  influence to surrounding nations, including
  Finland, Poland, and Romania, for its own safety.

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MARCH 5, 1946 Former British P.M. Winston
Churchill speaking at an American University
warns that the nations of Central and Eastern
Europe are being locked behind an IRON CURTAIN.
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The Iron Curtain and a divided Germany
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How The Cold War Was Fought

• ARMS RACE
• Each side, through fear of the other built up
  and developed weapons in an effort to gain
  superiority.

• DEFENCE SYSTEMS
• In an attempt to reduce the possibility of a
  surprise attack defense systems were created.
  (i.e. NORAD)
• North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
• is a joint organization of the United States and
  Canada that provides aerospace warning and
  control for North America. Founded in May of1953
  as the North American Air Defense Command.

• SPACE RACE
• Military control in space.
• ESPIONAGE
• An information war is fought on both sides to
  gain secret information through spies.

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ALLIANCES

• Alliances are made with other countries.
• NATO (1949)
• USA
• Canada
• Western Europe
• Warsaw Pact (1955)
• USSR
• Eastern Europe

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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FINANCIAL AID

• Support of other countries was bought in the form
  of money or military equipment.
• Marshall Plan (1948)
• Economic aid given to Western European nations by
  the USA.
• COMECON (1949)
• Economic aid given to Eastern European nations by
  the USSR.

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Expansionism and Containment

• Expansionismor the attempt to enlarge
  territorial and ideological influence beyond the
  nations borders and allieswas what both the
  USSR and the US would practise until the end of
  the Cold War. At the end of World War II, the US
  and the Soviet Union began to establish their
  spheres of influence in Europe
• For each of the superpowers, the answer to their
  fear was containment the attempt to thwart
  another nations expansionism through means other
  than direct warfare

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TRUMAN DOCTRINE (containment)

• New American foreign policy (1947)
• Keep the USSR contained and to stop the spread of
  communism.
• Marshall Plan
• NATO
• Etc.

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U.S announces containment
Containment The policy of keeping the expansion
of a hostile power or ideology in check. This
policy was used by the United States to prevent
the Soviet Union from expanding beyond its
borders beginning in the late 1940s
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What does this cartoon say...
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What beliefs and values are represented in this
cartoon?