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Chapter 13, section 2 Complete the sentence: Mexico feared that the Americans would try to make Texas (p.386) Define Siege. (p.387) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SPONGE


1
SPONGE
Chapter 13, section 2
  1. Complete the sentence Mexico feared that the
    Americans would try to make Texas (p.386)
  2. Define Siege. (p.387)

2
The Republic of Texas
  • Chapter 13, Section 2

3
Setting the Scene
  • The news of Texans fighting for independence
    from Mexico spread to the U.S. in 1835. Many
    Americans were inspired by the revolution, which
    so closely resembled the American Revolution.
  • I was in Chicago when I heard the news, wrote
    Joseph Barnard, the Texans are in arms for the
    cause of republican principals and have entered
    the contest with spirit and vigor.

4
Americans in Mexican Texas
  • In the early 1800s, American farmers looked
    eagerly to Texas, which was a part of Spain.
  • In 1821 Spain agreed to give Moses Austin a land
    grant in Texas. When Moses died, his son Stephen
    took over the project.
  • Mexico won its independence before Stephen could
    get started, but the new country agreed to let
    Austin settle in Texas.

5
Americans in Mexican Texas
  • Mexico wanted settlers to develop the land and
    control Indian attacks because so few Mexicans
    lived in Texas.
  • Austin brought 300 families to Texas, many of
    whom brought slaves and set up cotton
    plantations.
  • By 1830, there were 20,000 Americans in Texas
    because Mexico continued to allow them in.

6
Conflict with Mexico
  • Early American settlers agreed to become Mexican
    citizens and convert to Catholicism, but later
    settlers resisted.
  • In 1830, Mexico barred any more Americans from
    settling in Texas.
  • Mexico feared that the Americans would try to
    make Texas a part of the United States.
  • The U.S. had already tried to buy Texas twice.

7
Conflict with Mexico
  • Mexico began to enforce its laws, using troops to
    make Americans go to church as well as freeing
    slaves.
  • In 1833, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
    gained power in Mexico. He became a dictator and
    threw out the Mexican constitution.
  • Rumors spread that he would drive Americans out
    of Texas.

8
Texans Take Action
  • Texans, with the support of many Tejanos
    (Mexicans living in Texas) clashed with Mexican
    troops in the town of Gonzales and forced them to
    retreat.
  • American rebels then took the town of San
    Antonio, unaware that Santa Anna was on the march
    to take Texas back.

9
Texans Take Action
  • Texas declared independence and formed the
    Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836. Sam Houston
    was given control of the Army.
  • By the time Santa Anna reached Texas, the Texans
    had taken up positions at the Alamo, waiting for
    an attack.
  • The Texans were poorly equipped and outnumbered
    150 to 6,000!

10
Siege at the Alamo
  • Inside the village, young William B. Travis was
    in command of famous frontiersman like Jim Bowie
    and Davy Crocket.
  • Mexican troops began the siege of the Alamo in
    February. In a siege, enemy forces try to capture
    a city or fort, often by surrounding and
    bombarding it.

11
Siege at the Alamo
  • The Texans bravely defended the fort in a
    hopeless fight. Travis sent a letter to the
    people of Texas
  • I shall never surrender or retreat. I call on
    you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism, and of
    everything dear to the American character to come
    to our aid with all speed. Victory or Death!

12
Siege at the Alamo
  • After 12 days of Mexican cannon bombarding the
    fort, the mission walls fell and soldiers poured
    into the fort.
  • All 180 Texans in the fort were killed, many in
    hand-to-hand combat.
  • However, 1500 Mexicans also lay dead at the end
    of the day.

13
Texan Independence
Remember the Alamo!
  • The fall of the Alamo caused Texans to seek
    revenge against Mexico.
  • News of the Alamo inspired many new American to
    volunteer to help the Texans. Houston trained
    these men into an effective army.
  • On April 21, 1836 Houston attacked the Mexican
    army, which was camped along the San Jacinto
    River.

14
Texan Independence
  • The battle lasted only 18 minutes, as the
    outnumbered Texans killed 630 Mexicans and
    captured 700 more.
  • The day after the Battle of San Jacinto the
    Texans captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign
    a treaty, which made Texas an independent
    republic.

15
The Lone Star Republic
  • The Texans carried a flag with a single star into
    battle and called their new country the Lone Star
    Republic.
  • They wrote a constitution modeled after the
    United States and elected Sam Houston their
    first President.

16
The Lone Star Republic
  • The new Lone Star Republic faced several
    challenges Mexico refused to accept Texan
    independence or Santa Annas treaty. Most
    Mexicans still thought of Texas as a part of
    their country.
  • Texas was also bankrupt and suffered many attacks
    from Comanche Indians.
  • Many Texans thought joining the U.S. would solve
    these problems.

17
The Lone Star Republic
  • People in the U.S. were divided over whether to
    annex (add on) Texas.
  • Southerners were generally in favor of adding
    Texas because slavery would grow into the west.
    Northerners opposed annexation for the same
    reason.
  • President Jackson worried a war would start if
    Texas was annexed, and convinced Congress to
    refuse Texas admission.

18
The Lone Star Republic
  • For nine years Texas was its own country.
  • The republic attracted thousands of American and
    European immigrants in that time, growing to
    140,000 by the 1840s.
  • The republic was home to a diverse group of
    people, including Mexicans, African Americans and
    Native Americans.

19
California and the Southwest
  • Chapter 13, Section 3

20
New Mexico Territory
  • In the early 1840s, Mexico ruled over California
    and the rest of the Southwest (which was called
    New Mexico Territory.)
  • Most of the Southwest is hot and dry with deserts
    and mountains.
  • Early tribes like the Zuni farmed the area using
    irrigation while other tribes like the Apache
    lived by hunting.

21
New Mexico Territory
  • The Spanish explorer Juan de Onate claimed the
    region for Spain in 1598.
  • Santa Fe was built in the 1600s and became the
    capital of the territory.
  • Spain did not allow Americans to settle in New
    Mexico.

22
The Santa Fe Trail
  • Once Mexico gained its independence in 1821,
    Americans were finally welcome to New Mexico.
  • American merchants from Missouri made a route to
    New Mexico that became known as the Santa Fe
    Trail.
  • There, they sold their goods to Mexican traders.

23
Californias Missions and Ranches
  • California was also ruled by Spain at first, then
    later Mexico.
  • The Spanish had already settled in California 65
    years before the first English colony landed in
    America.
  • In California, missionaries quickly built a
    string of Catholic missions along the coast.
  • Each mission became self-sufficient they
    produced enough food and supplies for the people
    living there and any nearby forts.

24
Californias Missions and Ranches
  • Before the Spanish arrived, Californias natives
    lived in small, scattered tribes. They had little
    hope of resisting
  • Spanish soldiers and were baptized and forced
    to work on mission lands.
  • Work on missions for Native Americans included
    herding sheep and cattle and raising crops, but
    it was hard. Thousands died from overwork and
    disease.

25
Californias Missions and Ranches
  • When Mexico gained its independence, it took land
    away from the missions and gave it to wealthy
    noblemen.
  • The nobles set up ranches in California.
  • Again, Native Americans did most of the work
    here. Some became expert cowboys, called
    vaqueros.

26
Support for Expansion
  • By the 1840s, some Americans had moved to
    California and the United States began to offer
    to buy the territory.
  • Many Americans saw our government as the best in
    the world, and thought it was our right and duty
    to spread American culture all the way to the
    Pacific.

27
Manifest Destiny
  • This idea that the U.S. should spread across the
    continent was called, Manifest Destiny (Manifest
    means obvious.)
  • Manifest destiny had an ugly side. Many Americans
    believed that whites were superior to other
    people, so there was no reason why they couldnt
    take land from inferior people.

28
Election of 1844
  • In 1844, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay for
    President. The Democrats chose James K. Polk.
  • Polk wanted to add Texas and Oregon to the U.S.
    He was the Manifest Destiny candidate.
  • Polks motto was 5440 north or fight, meaning
    that he was going to fight for all of Oregon
    Territory.

Polk won the election for two reasons 1) He
supported expansion of the U.S. and 2) he had a
rockin mullet that no President since has been
bold enough to grow.
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