Goal 1

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Goal 1 Civics and Economics

• Foundations of the American Political System,
  Basic Values and Principles of American Government

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Comparing the Colonies (1.1)

• New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and
  Southern Colonies

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The New England Colonies

• Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
  Connecticut
• Made up of Puritans, who established a community
  based on pure biblical teachings on Plymouth,
  Massachusetts after establishing a government
  through the Mayflower Compact

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New England Colonies

• Economy was based on shipbuilding, fishing, and
  self-sufficient farms

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The Middle Colonies

• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
• Made up of religiously tolerant colonies that
  included a diversity of people and religions

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The Middle Colonies

• Relied on shipping and trading, but also had
  farmers that relied on selling crops like rye,
  wheat, and barley

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The Southern Colonies

• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
  Carolina, Georgia
• Came to New World hoping to get rich and buy new
  land, starting with the Virginia Company founding
  Jamestown as a joint-stock company

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The Southern Colonies

• Economy was based on large farms producing
  products such as tobacco, tar, and rice in a
  plantation system that used indentured servants
  and slaves, who arrived in the South in the
  Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade Route

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Types of Colonies

1. Royal Colonies governed directly by Great
   Britain, who would appoint a governor
2. Proprietary Colonies governed by Great Britain,
   but through the king granting land to an
   individual or group
3. Charter Colonies governed themselves but still
   had allegiance to Great Britain

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Special Colonies

• Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams and
  Anne Hutchinson after a break from the Puritans
• Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, became
  home to the Quakers, who preached equality and
  pacifism as well as religious tolerance

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Special Colonies

• Maryland became a land of Catholics started by
  Lord Baltimore
• Georgia became a haven for English debtors and a
  buffer zone between the colonies and Spanish
  Florida

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Bacons Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon fights native Americans on the
  border but is condemned by the Virginia governor
• Bacon turned his army on Jamestown and demanded
  more representation for the common man

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Salem Witch Trials

• Young girls claimed that they had been bewitched
  by certain townspeople
• Puritan faith dealt strictly with witches and
  many who were accused were killed

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Colonial Self-Government (1.2)

• History Leading to Self-Government, Early
  Colonial Governments

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Early Self-Government

1. Ancient Greece came up with democracy (people
   rule by voting), Romans came up with republic
   (people rule by electing representatives that
   vote for them)
2. Middle Ages had kings, queens and other rulers
   that nobody questioned and they had sole
   authority. The Magna Carta (1215) was signed by
   King John forcing him to give up some power to
   the nobles, leading to limited government

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Later Self-Government

1. Parliament began in the 13th century as the
   legislative body and took powers away from the
   king
2. The English Bill of Rights gave Parliament power
   and rights that the king could not remove (1689)

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People of the Enlightenment

1. The Renaissance led to a new wave of ideas in the
   late 1600s, the Enlightenment
2. Thomas Hobbes wrote that all people are born with
   rights and that a strong national government must
   be present to maintain order
3. John Locke wrote that people are born with
   natural rights of life, liberty, and property
4. Montesquieu believed in three branches of
   government to split up power in the government
5. Jean Jacque Rousseau believed in equality of
   people, his ideas were used in the Declaration of
   Independence

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Self-Government in the Colonies

1. House of Burgesses first government established
   in the colonies, founded in Jamestown, VA as a
   bicameral legislature
2. Mayflower Compact Pilgrims, or Puritans, came
   to the New World and established a direct
   democracy government on a ship and settled in
   Plymouth, MA
3. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut set limits on
   what government could do and banded citizens in
   the colony together (essentially a body of laws)

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Tensions Start Between Britain and Colonies (1.3)

• Navigation Acts (1660)
• French and Indian War (1754)
• Albany Plan of Union (1754)
• Writs of Assistance (1760)
• Proclamation of 1763

• British Laws and Taxes in 1760s (Quartering Act,
  Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts,
  Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable
  Acts)

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Revolutionary War

• Shot Heard Round the World starts war
• 1775 Lexington and Concord Battles
• 1776 Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense
• 1776 Declaration of Independence is written by
  Thomas Jefferson

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American Identity (1.4)

• 1) Public Education Puritans began it,
  eventually laws required it for all people in
  Massachusetts, Harvard and Yale were founded
• 2) Religious Pluralism variety of religions
  (First Great Awakening, freedom of religion,
  separation of church and state)
• 3) Egalitarianism Natural Rights leading to
  consent of the governed and nationalism
• 4) Limited Equality suffrage granted only to a
  few at first, slavery was well established, women
  were second-class citizens

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State Constitutions (1.5)

• Colonies became states and drew up their own
  constitutions
• State constitutions had three branches of
  government and a bicameral legislature

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The Articles of Confederation

• a.       A unicameral body of representatives
  from each state, designed to deal only with
  issues the states could not (ex forming an army)
• b.       Accomplishments were the Treaty of Paris
  (with England after the war), the Land Ordinance
  of 1785 dividing the western lands into
  townships, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
  that divided the Great Lakes lands into townships

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Articles of Confederation Fail

• Weaknesses of the Articles were
• Articles did not give enough power to the
  Congress to impose taxes, to borrow money, and to
  enforce laws
• It had rules that were too rigid to change
• The fall of the Articles were caused by
• The growing national debt
• Shays Rebellion where a Massachusetts farmer
  Daniel Shays led a rebellion that was put down
  but made people fear more rebellions would happen
  because of the weak national government and the
  growing debt

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The Philadelphia Convention

• The Philadelphia Convention was called to revise
  the Articles of Confederation, but they realized
  that a new constitution needed to be created,
  leading to the delegates forming a new government
  through compromises (5 compromises)

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1. The Great Compromise

• The first Compromise involved the setup of the
  government. The first idea was the Virginia Plan
  (two houses, both by population) liked by the
  larger states. The smaller states preferred the
  New Jersey Plan (one house, by state) because
  each state had equal representation. The
  Connecticut Compromise, or Great Compromise,
  combined these two ideas to create our current
  legislature with two houses, one by population
  and the other by state.

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2. The 3/5 Compromise

• The second Compromise involved slaves in the
  population. The North did not want slaves to
  count in the population because it meant the
  South would have more people, and the South
  wanted slaves to count for the same reason. The
  3/5 Compromise said that for every 5 slaves, 3 of
  them would count.

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3. The Slave Trade Compromise

• The third Compromise involved trade. The North
  thought that Congress should control all trade,
  and the South thought that it shouldnt because
  it would affect the slave trade. The Slave Trade
  Compromise allowed Congress to regulate trade but
  it could not touch the slave trade for 20 years.

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4. Electoral College Compromise

• The fourth Compromise involved the election of
  the President. Some were worried that giving
  people the power to elect the President would be
  problematic (they didnt trust the average
  person), so they let people elect electors who
  would vote and elect the President. This is
  called the Electoral College Compromise.

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5. Bill of Rights Compromise

• The fifth Compromise involved the Bill of Rights.
  The Federalists believed that the Constitution
  specifically gave Congress some things it could
  not do to people, but the Antifederalists
  eventually convinced them to yield to a Bill of
  Rights that protect citizens, our first 10
  amendments to the Constitution.

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Federalists v. Antifederalists (1.6)

• Federalists thought
• 1) Strong Central Government
• 2) Support the Constitution
• 3) Loose Interpretation of the Constitution

• Antifederalists thought
• 1) Strong State Governments
• 2) Opposed the Constitution, Supported Bill of
  Rights
• 3) Strict Interpretation of the Constitution

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The Bill of Rights (1.7)
1 Five Freedoms and Establishment 2 Right to Bear Arms, Have Militia 3 No Quartering
4 No illegal searches or seizures 5 Five Rights of Individual Arrests 6 Rights of the Accused, Speedy/Public
7 Civil Cases Rights of Accused 8 Fines, Bails and Cruel or Unusual Punishment 9 Rights of People 10 Rights of States
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Forms of Government (1.8)

1. Direct Democracy people themselves vote on
   issues
2. Representative Democracy/Republic people elect
   representatives to vote on issues for them
3. Autocracy power rests in the hands of a single
   individual
4. Absolute Monarchy ruled by king or queen with
   unlimited power
5. Limited Monarchy ruled by king or queen with
   limited power given by the law

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Forms of Government

1. Dictatorship the word of the ruling party
   becomes law
2. Totalitarianism the state is more important
   than the individuals
3. Oligarchy government ruled by a few people
4. Aristocracy government ruled by the upper
   classes
5. Theocracy government ruled by religion
6. Anarchy the concept of no government