The Muscular System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 39
About This Presentation
Title:

The Muscular System

Description:

The Muscular System – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:791
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 40
Provided by: toth7
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Muscular System


1
The Muscular System
2
Do Now
  • Happy New Year!!
  • Get your Clicker
  • Name as many muscles as you can (anterior
    posterior)

3
Facial Muscles
4
Shoulder
5
Abdominal Muscles
6
Back Muscles
7
Leg Muscles
8
Id the Masseter
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

9
Id the orbicularis oculi
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

10
Id the deltoid
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

11
Id the rectus abdominis
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9

12
Id the sternocleidomastoid
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9

13
Id the gastrocnemius
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

14
Id the biceps femoris
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

15
Id the sartorius muscle
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

16
Homework
  • Find and print a picture of your favorite athlete
    (bathing suit preferred to see as many muscles as
    possible)
  • Hand label the visible muscles on their body
    using the muscles we discussed in class

17
Do Now
  • Grab your Clicker
  • Take out your HW athlete pic w/labeled muscles
  • Review names of muscles from hotlist diagram

18
Id the orbicularis oris
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

19
Id the temporalis muscle
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

20
Id the serratus anterior
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9

21
Id the trapezius
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9

22
Id the exterior obliques
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9

23
Id the soleus
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

24
Id the semimembranosis
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

25
Id the semitendonosis
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

26
Id the vastus medialis muscle
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

27
Id the rectus femoris muscle
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7

28
Do Now
  • Why do you think that muscle-enhancing
    supplements (steroids, creatine, andro) are so
    popular at all levels of fitness and athletics
    (high school, college, pro, etc.) and do you see
    any problems with this?

29
Muscle Tissues
  • Cardiac
  • Involuntary striated muscle
  • Dinucleated
  • Communicate via intercalated disks
  • Natural contraction cycle determined by pacemaker
    cells
  • Smooth
  • Lines blood vessels, digestive organs, urinary
    system, and parts of respiratory system
  • Involuntary nonstriated muscle
  • Ca triggers contractions differently (lacks
    sarcomeres)
  • Skeletal
  • Voluntary striated muscle
  • Multinucleated cells called muscle fibers
  • Controlled by motor nerve cells

30
Functions of Skeletal Muscle
  • Produce Movement
  • Contractions pull on tendons and move bones
  • Maintain posture and body position
  • Continuous contractions maintain posture
  • Support/protect soft tissues
  • Abdominal wall
  • Floor of pelvic cavity
  • Guard entrances and exits
  • Voluntary control of swallowing, defecation, and
    urination
  • Maintain body temp
  • Some energy from contractions lost as heat

31
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
  • Each cell is called a muscle fiber
  • Contains several tissues
  • Connective
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves control contractions
  • Skeletal muscle

32
Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle
  • Sarcolemma cell membrane
  • Sarcoplasm cytoplasm
  • Myofibrils bundles of myofilaments
  • Thin filaments actin proteins
  • Thick filaments myosin proteins
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum smooth ER (stores Ca)
  • Sarcomeres repeating units of myofilaments

33
Muscle Fiber Contractionhttp//www.youtube.com/wa
tch?vCepeYFvqmk4
34
Classwork
  • Draw a flowchart or diagram showing how muscle
    contraction and relaxation occurs at a cellular
    level

35
Muscle Mechanics
  • Muscle cells pull on collagen fibers producing
    tension (can only contract!)
  • Amount of tension dependent upon
  • Frequency of neural stimulation
  • Latent period (2msec) action pot. release of
    Ca
  • Contraction phase (15msec) cross bridges form
  • Relaxation phase (25msec) tension, cross
    bridges and Ca decrease
  • of muscle fibrils activated
  • Motor unit - muscle fibrils controlled by singe
    motor neuron
  • Fine control of movement determined by size of
    motor unit
  • Ex. Eye vs. Leg muscles
  • During sustained contraction motor units
    activated on a rotating basis (some rest/some
    contract)

36
Muscle Tone
  • Tone resting tension
  • Stabilizes the position of your joints
  • Any skeletal muscle not stimulated on a regular
    basis will atrophy fibers become smaller and
    weaker
  • Initially atrophy is reversible
  • Extreme atrophy is permanent

37
Energetics of Muscle Activity
  • Active Skeletal Muscle fibril requires 600
    trillion ATP/sec!
  • Sources of ATP
  • Stored (ADP Creatine-P ? ATP)
  • Lasts 15 sec
  • Aerobic Metabolism (Krebs ? Oxidative
    Phosphorylation)
  • Provides 30 of ATP needed during peak exertion
  • Anaerobic Metabolism (glycolysis)
  • Main E source
  • Lactic acid builds up
  • Ineffective
  • Muscle Fatigue no contraction despite
    stimulation
  • Lack of ATP or lactic acid build up
  • Recovery Period returns to pre-exertion levels

38
Muscle Performance
  • Force and endurance depends on
  • Types of muscle fibers
  • Fast Twitch (white)
  • Powerful contractions
  • Fatigue rapidly (few mitochondria)
  • Slow Twitch (red)
  • Extended contraction (many mitochondria)
  • Extensive capillary network
  • Myoglobin binds O2
  • Physical conditioning ( increase power and
    endurance)
  • Anaerobic
  • Frequent, brief intense workouts (hypertrophy of
    muscle fibrils)
  • Aerobic
  • Sustained low levels of activity
  • Carb-load the day before drink glucose rich
    sports drinks

39
Muscle Review
  • What muscle do you use to shrug your shoulders?
  • What muscle would be well developed in a trumpet
    player?
  • What is the most likely cause of a muscle cramp?
  • What muscle do you use to stand on your
    tippy-toes?
  • What muscle do you use to close your eye-lids
  • What muscle do you use when using a butterfly
    machine?
  • Compare white muscles to red muscles
  • A friend wants to bulk up his arms. What would
    you suggest to him?
  • What are the 3 sources of energy for muscles?
    What limits each?
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com