Regents%20Review%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title: Regents%20Review%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia


1

South and Southeast Asia
2
Nations
  • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
    Myanmar (Burma) Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
    Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore.
  • Mainland South Asia a.k.a. the Subcontinent.
    (Size and mountains).

3
Mountains
  • Himalayas (Mt. Everest - 29,028 feet)
  • Impassable until recent years.
  • Khyber Pass
  • Avenue for migrants and invasion.
  • Deccan Plateau

4
Rivers and ClimateSouth Asia
  • Indus / Ganges
  • Excellent for farming.
  • Monsoons from the north.
  • Floods or droughts.
  • Grow wheat and rice in appropriate areas.

5
Rivers and Climate Southeast Asia
6
  • Irrawaddy River and Chao Phraya River
  • Mekong River in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
  • Tropical zone suitable for growing
    rice,sugarcane, coffee, lumber and rubber.
  • Monsoons bring 100 inches of rain.

7
Indus Valley and Invasion
8
  • Agrarian (3000 - 1500 BC) civilizations supported
    urban centers.
  • Introduced a system of writing.
  • Aryans (1500 - 500 BC) introduced Sanskrit and
    Hinduism.
  • Maurya (300 - 200 BC) dynasty unified Northern
    India and spread Buddhism.
  • Gupta Empire (300 - 500 AD) Golden age of Indian
    Culture. Learning a t dozens of Indian colleges,
    advances in medicine. Pioneered the concepts of
    zero and the decimal.

9
Hinduism
10
  • Polytheistic religion.
  • Reincarnation
  • Karma is the force generated by actions or deeds.
  • Dharma rules or religious duties Hindu must
    exercise.

11
Social Structure
  • The Caste System
  • Social groups into which one is born.
  • Hundreds of castes.
  • Highest are the Brahmans, lowest are the
    untouchables.

12
  • Determined occupation, wealth, and status.
  • Indian constitution bans discrimination.

13
Buddhism
14
  • Founder Siddhartha Guatama.
  • All forms of human suffering were born out of
    materialistic desires.
  • Give up worldly desires, people achieve Nirvana.

15
  • Incorporates Karma and Dharma.
  • Became a major force in Southeast Asia, China,
    Japan, and Korea.

16
Islam
17
  • 8th century, Islam introduced to South Asia.
  • Dominant religion in Pakistan and Bangladesh.
  • Muslim invaders slaughtered 100,000s of Hindus.
  • Religious differences created conflict.

18
  • Muslims worship only one God Hindus worship
    many.
  • Muslims eat all meats other than pork Hindus
    are vegetarian, refuse to eat beef, and regard
    the cow as sacred.
  • Muslims believe in social equality, Hindus
    developed the caste system.

19
The Mogul Empire(1506 - 1757)
  • Introduced Islam into southern India.
  • Built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for kings wife.

20
Sikhism
  • Elements of Hinduism and Islam
  • Reject Caste system
  • 5th largest religion
  • Seeks independence

21
Southeast Asia Civilizations
  • Traveling monks and merchants brought three
    religions.
  • Chinese brought Confucianism.

22
The British in India
  • British East India Company.
  • Sepoy Mutiny (1857)
  • British government controlled India after.
  • British adopt a policy of divide and conquer.

23
Changes Resulting From British Imperialism
  • Railroads.
  • Irrigation systems
  • Schools
  • Medication and sanitation
  • Indians as soldiers

24
Indian Nationalism
  • Resent British rule.
  • Western values taught (democracy,
    self-determination)
  • Indian National Congress (Hindus) and Ghandi.
  • Muslim League (Mohammed Ali Jinnah)

25
(No Transcript)
26
Mohandis Ghandi
  • Mahatma - Great One.
  • Used non-violent means of protest.
  • Civil disobedience refusal to obey the laws one
    felt unjust.

27
  • March to the Sea
  • Fasting
  • Urged boycott and cottage industry

28
Indian Independence (1947)
  • World War II.
  • Halt protests during war for independence after
    the war.
  • Violence between Muslims and Hindus.

29
  • Hindu fanatic assassinated Ghandi.
  • Sub-continent divided into three parts, India,
    East and west Pakistan.

30
Problems of Indian Independence
  • India adopted parliamentary democracy. Nehru was
    the first prime minister.
  • Policy of non - alignment.
  • Religious and cultural differences.

31
  • Forced migrations.
  • Both India and Pakistan claimed Kashmir.
  • Sikh minority want autonomy from India.
    Assassinated Indira Ghandi.

32
Indian Society
33
  • Indian population 900 million.
  • Limited resources.
  • Supports birth control and voluntary
    sterilization.
  • Urbanization loses touch with traditions.
  • Weakening of arranged marriages and caste system.

34
Indias Economy
  • Partially socialistic.
  • Green revolution in agriculture.
  • Dependence on foreign capital.

35
Colonialism in Southeast Asia
36
  • France wanted to reestablish colonies in
    Indochina..
  • Ho Chi Minh lead a guerrilla war against France.
  • Lose at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, French
    withdrew.
  • Anti - communist government controlled the south.

37
Miscellaneous
  • War in Vietnam
  • Cambodian Genocide (1975)
  • Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
  • 1991, UN arranged agreement between Cambodian
    government and Khmer Rouge.
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