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Mongolian Empire

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Mongolian Empire I. Mongols A. Mongols lived in an area North of China B. Nomadic tribe that raised cattle, goats, sheep, and horses C. Followed their herd of animals ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Mongolian Empire


1
Mongolian Empire
2
I. Mongols
  • A. Mongols lived in an area North of China
  • B. Nomadic tribe that raised cattle, goats,
    sheep, and horses
  • C. Followed their herd of animals through the
    steppes (grassy plains) of Mongolia.
  • D. Skilled on horseback and learned as early as
    age 4
  • E. Skilled in combat/warfare
  • 1. Fire arrows and spears at their enemies at a
    distance on horseback

3
II. Genghis Khan
  • A. Temujin was born in the 1160s
  • B. He began to unite the many Mongol tribes at a
    very young age
  • C. Temujin was elected strong ruler or Genghis
    Khan over the Mongol tribes in 1206.
  • D. Genghis Khans main goal was to conquer lands
    beyond Mongolia

4
III. Building an Empire
  • A. Genghis Khan gathers an army of over 100,000.
  • B. Divided his army into smaller divisions
  • C. Commanding officers were chosen based on
    ability and not by family ties or birth
  • D. Genghis Khan started conquering the tribes
    within the steppes.
  • 1. Increased the wealth of the Mongols and
    brought new soldiers to his skilled army

5
  • E. In 1211, the Mongols would attack and conquer
    Northern China
  • F. Mongols were known for using terrorist
    tactics to scare people into surrender
  • 1. Burned cities, robbed, tortured, and killed
    hundreds of thousands of people.
  • G. Genghis Khan would die in 1227, when he fell
    from his horse. The empire building would
    continue under the leadership of his four sons

6
IV. Mongolian Empire
  • A. After Genghis Khans death, the Mongols would
    conquer land in eastern and central Europe,
    southeast Asia, and the Middle East
  • B. Mongols would unite their territories under
    one rule.
  • C. The largest land empire the world has ever
    known stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern
    Europe

7
  • D. Mongols would bring peace to lands they
    conquered
  • E. Mongols would become wealthy by taxing goods
    traded on Asian trade routes (Silk Road)
  • F. From conquering China, the Mongols would also
    adapt gunpowder for their own use of terror.

8
V. Kublai Khan
  • A. Genghis Khans grandson, Kublai, became Khan
    in 1260.
  • B. Starting in 1271, he would begin the ten year
    process of conquering all of China
  • C. He would establish the Mongolian capital in
    Khanbaliq, which is where the modern city of
    Beijing is located
  • D. Kublai Khan would make himself emperor of
    China and establish the Yuan Dynasty
    (beginning).

9
  • E. Using the Silk Road and under Mongol rule,
    China would become very powerful and wealthy.
  • F. A European traveler, Marco Polo, would reach
    China and Kublai Khan was fascinated with his
    stories.
  • 1. After 16 years of working with Kublai Khan,
    Polo would return to Europe and write a book
    about his experience in China.
  • 2. The book would become a best seller in
    Europe, enticing many Europeans to travel to Asia

10
  • G. Kublai Khan would take control of Korea
    because the Koryo, or rulers of Korea, accepted
    Mongol rule.
  • H. Mongols would force thousands of Koreans to
    build ships for their next conquest, Japan

11
VI. Japan
  • A. With the warships the Koreans built, the
    Mongols would launch two separate invasions of
    the island of Japan (1274 and 1281).
  • B. Each invasion was a failure because of
    violent Pacific storms known as typhoons that
    destroyed Mongol warships.
  • C. The Japanese would name the typhoons
    kamikazes, which means divine wind.
  • D. The Japanese would continue to be an isolated
    community where a feudal system thrived until the
    1800s.

12
VII. China and Korea rebel
  • A. Kublai Khan would die in 1294 and a series of
    weak rulers that followed weakened the empire.
  • B. In 1368, a series of rebellions led by Zhu
    Yuanzhang drove the Mongols out of China.
  • 1. Zhu would become emperor establishing the
    Ming Dynasty.
  • C. As the Mongols lost power, the Koreans would
    also regain their sovereignty
  • D. China and Korea would become united countries
    because of Mongol rule.
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