Unit%201:%20History%20of%20World%20Religions

1
Unit 1 History of World Religions
2
In this unit, you will

• Know the vocabulary and key figures in the
  history of the five major religions.
• Understand the effects of religious thought on
  societies. The similarities and differences
  between the major religions.
• Compare and contrast the major religions with
  100 accuracy.

3
What is religion?

• Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power
  or powers regarded as creator and governor of the
  universe.
• Religion facets

4
Judaism

• Essential Questions
• What are the main beliefs and who are the key
  figures of Judaism?
• How has Judaism acted as a foundation for both
  Christianity and Islam?

5
How did Judaism start?

• It started with Abraham
• Abraham (Abram) was a Semitic man who was living
  in Mesopotamia.
• Monotheistic
• Made a covenant with Yahweh

6
Abrahams Covenant with God

• Abraham gets Canaan
• Becomes known as Israel

7
Abrahams Journey
8
Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
9
Ancient Israel

• Abrahams to Issac to Jacob leads.
• Jacobs Israel
• 12 sons 12 tribes of Israel

10
Story of Moses
Prince of Egypt
Shepherd of His People
11
The Exodus

• Israelites work as slaves for Egypt
• Moses requests to take Israelites to promised
  land
• 10 plagues
• Parting of the Red Sea

12
Route of the Exodus
13
Moses and the 10 Commandments
A new covenant with Yahweh
14
Mount Sinai
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4TAtRCJIqnk
15
Resettlement

• Used Diaspora to expel the other peoples
• Have claimed the land since.
• Jubilee
• Synagogue
• Levites

16
Yahwehs Covenant With His People

• The Torah
• The first 5 books of the Christian Bible.
• The most sacred text in the Jewish
  religious tradition.

The Torah
17
King David

• Story of David and Goliath
• David becomes King of Israel.
• As king, David created the most powerful nation
  in the World at the time.

18
King Davids Empire
19
Psalms and Song of Songs

• A compilation of songs and poetry from the years
  of Israel rule
• Written mostly by David and Solomon

20
Psalm 23

• 231 Yahweh is my shepherd I shall lack
  nothing. 232 He makes me lie down in green
  pastures. He leads me beside still waters. 233
  He restores my soul. He guides me in the paths of
  righteousness for his names sake. 234 Even
  though I walk through the valley of the shadow of
  death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me.
  Your rod and your staff, they comfort me. 235
  You prepare a table before me in the presence of
  my enemies. You anoint my head with oil. My cup
  runs over. 236 Surely goodness and loving
  kindness shall follow me all the days of my life,
  and I will dwell in Yahwehs house forever.

21
Solomons Kingdom
22
Israelites in Captivity
23
Israels History

• Very cyclical
• Constant story of success and failure
• There is one God who is the creator and judge
  over us.
• Jews are the chosen people by god

24
Religious holidays

• Big three
• Passover
• Rosh Hashanah
• Yom Kippur
• Hannakuh
• Orthodox Jews

25
Israel Historical Law

• Talmud
• Mishnah
• Gemara
• Used in Israel Today
• Independent since May 14, 1948

26
(No Transcript)
27
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
Solomons Temple Wall The Wailing Wall
28
Population

• Worldwide 13,296,100
• Israel 5,593,000
• USA 6,444,000
• Mostly centered in NYC and Philadelphia

29
Christianity

• Essential Questions
• What led to the appeal of Christianity becoming
  the most popular religion in the World today?
• What are the main beliefs and practices of
  Christianity?

30
History of Christianity
31
Prior to Jesus

• Christianity roots in Jewish culture/religion.
• Old Testament prophecy

32
Isaiah Scroll
33
Culture at the time

• Jews were conquered by the Romans.
• Messiah theories

34
(No Transcript)
35
The coming of Jesus

• Roman emperor Augustus (31BCE-14AD)
• Decree for a new census to be taken to properly
  tax his empire.
• Everyone had to return to their tribal
  land/hometown

36
The coming of Jesus

• Story of Jesus birth
• Immaculate conception
• Stable birth

37
Early life of Jesus of Nazareth

• Jesus grew up Jewish.
• Temple story
• He worked as a carpenter
• Jesus had several brothers and sisters, including
  James.

38
The ministry of Jesus

• Jesus began to teach at the age of 30.
• Teaches for three yrs.
• Used miracles to show his power
• First miracle
• Taught with parables.
• Recruited 12 disciples.

39
Death of Jesus

• Came to Jerusalem
• Pharisees claimed he had revolutionary ideas.
  Was found guilty by the Roman court.
• Crucified on Golgotha.

40
Themes of Jesus

• Jesus teachings focused mainly around
• Love
• Need for personal morality
• Prayer and meditation
• Self-control
• Service to others
• Jesus is the only way to heaven

41
Ministry of Paul

• Paul was a Roman
• Learned from disciples writings, converted to
  Christianity
• Apostle

42
St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
43
Christianity gains popularity

• Paul established Christian churches
• Martyrdom
• Constantine accepts Christianity in
• Edict of Milan
• Becomes dominant religion in Europe by middle ages

44
Christian Bible

• Contains the 36 Old Testament books plus 27 New
  Testament books
• Old Testament- Hebrew, before Jesus
• New Testament-
• Jesus teaching written down (first 4 books)
• Apostles teachings for the rest

45

• Judaism
• 23If any harm follows, then you shall give life
  for life, 24eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand
  for hand, foot for foot, 25burn for burn, wound
  for wound, stripe for stripe.
• 26 When a slave-owner strikes the eye of a male
  or female slave, destroying it, the owner shall
  let the slave go, a free person, to compensate
  for the eye. 27If the owner knocks out a tooth of
  a male or female slave, the slave shall be let
  go, a free person, to compensate for the tooth.
• Christianity
• You have heard that it was said, An eye for an
  eye, and a tooth for a tooth.' But I tell you, do
  not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you
  on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.
  And if someone wants to sue you and take your
  tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If
  someone forces you to go one mile, go with him
  two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do
  not turn away from the one who wants to borrow
  from you.
• Matthew 538-42, NIV

46
Christianity today

• 3 main Sects
• 1) Eastern Orthodox-
• 2) Roman Catholic-
• -most popular
• -Based in Rome

47

• 3) Protestant-
• (Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist, UCC, Anglican,
  Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Amish, Mennonite)

48
Holidays

• Most important holidays
• Easter
• Christmas
• Pentecost
• Lent

49
Islam

• Essential Questions
• What are the main beliefs of Islam?
• What is the origin of Islam and how does it
  connect with Christianity?

50
What is a Muslim?

• Muslims are strict monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God,
  which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible,
  like the Quran, is the word of God.

51
Diagram of prophets
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
52
Muhammad's Life

• Cave of Hira
• Hijrah
• Quran (Koran)
• Mecca

53
The Koran (Quran)

• Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
• 114 suras (chapters).
• Written in a oral story form.
• Written in Arabic.

54
The Five Pillars

• The five pillars of Islam are essential to
  Islamic life.
• The Five Pillars separate Islam from Christianity
  and Judaism.

55
1. The Shahada

• The testimony.
• The declaration of faith

56
2. The Salat

• The mandatory prayers 5 times a day
  dawn noon late afternoon
  sunset before going to bed
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

57
2. The Salat

• The call to prayer by the muezzin in the
  minaret.
• Pray in the mosque on Friday.

58
3. The Zakat

• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• About 2.5 of your income.

59
4. The Sawm

• Fasting during Ramadan
• Considered a method of self- purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

60
5. The Hajj

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.

61
5. The Hajj

• Hajji

62
Reasons to join Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priesthood.
• Teaches equality
• Dhimmi
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes.
• Jihad (Holy War) against pagans and other
  non-believers (infidels).

63
Muslims around the World
64
Other important info.

• After the establishment of the Muslim religion,
  leaders in Islamic countries have called
  themselves Caliphs.
• Modern-day examples
• Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia
• Used Sharia Law as the basis for govt

65
Buddhism

• Essential Question
• What are the origins and main beliefs of
  Buddhism?
• What did Buddha achieve in order to start the
  religion and how?

66
The essence of Buddhism

• The middle way of wisdom and compassion.
• 2,500 year old tradition.
• The 3 jewels of Buddhism
• Buddha
• Dharma
• Sangha

67
Buddhism in the Subcontinent
68
History Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)

• Born in NE India (Nepal).
• Raised in great luxuryto be a king.
• At 29 Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation,
  and found nirvana.
• Became The Enlightened One, at 35.

69
Four Noble Truths

• There is suffering in the world.
• To live is to suffer. (Dukkha)

70
Four Noble Truths

• 2) The cause of suffering is self-centered
  desire and attachments. (Tanha)

71
Four Noble Truths

• The solution is to eliminate desire and
  attachments.
• (Nirvana extinction)

72
Four Noble Truths

• 4) To reach nirvana, one must follow the
  Eightfold Path.

73
(No Transcript)
74
Buddhism today

• There are two sects of Buddhism
• Theravada
• Mahayana
• Buddhism is centered in

75
Hinduism

• Essential Question
• Explain the history and main beliefs of Hinduism
  and how it shaped the culture of South Asia

76
Origins of Hinduism

• Hinduism is based in India, Nepal and Bangladesh
• Grew out of the geography and mixing groups of
  people over time
• Hinduism has over 1,000 gods

77
(No Transcript)
78

• God is one, but wise people know it by many
  names.
• AKAthe idea that as long as you believe in a
  God, no matter the name, you are similar and
  equal to others.

79
Some Hindu Gods

• Brahman-
• Shiva-
• Vishnu-

80
Hindu beliefs

• Improve your atman
• By improving your atman, you can reach moksha, or
  union with Brahman

81
Hindu beliefs

• Dharma-
• Karma-
• Reincarnation-

82
Caste system of India
83

• Why does Hinduism survive?
• How does it serve the caste system of India?

84
Connections between religions

• Using a graphic organizer, compare the connecting
  religions together
• What are the main components of each religion?
  How are they similar/different to others?