????,???????????????????????????,??????????????????????? ???????????????(microorganism),??????????????????(Microbiology)?

1
??????-???

• ??????
• ??9813020016
• ?????

2
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• ????????
• ????
• ??????

3
????????

• ????,???????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????(microorganism),????????????
  ??????(Microbiology)?
• ????????????????????,??(virus)??????????,?????????
  ????? ??????????????????(phage),??????????????????
  ???
• ?????,?????DNA?RNA????,??????? ???????????????,?6
  0 ??????????????,???? ?????????????????????????
  HIV????????(AIDS),?????????

4
???????.??

• ??(Fungi)????????????????????????????????Carl
  Woese???1990????16S?18S rRNA????????(Three
  Domains)??,??????????????????????????(Eukarya),??
  ???????
• ??(Bacteria)????????????????,?????????????????????
  ????10 ??????,?????????Carl Woese???????????????,
  ???????????????????????,?????????(Bacteria
  Domain)???????(Archaea Domain)????????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????,???????????????,???????
  ????????????????????????

5
????

• ?????????0.6-1.0 µm??,????????????????????????????
  ,????????,?????????,????????? ???????????(gas
  vacuoles),???????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????,???????????????????????????
• ???????,????????,????????????Cyanobacteria,???????
  ??????,?????????,???CO2?????????????,??CO2????(pu
  rple bacteria)????(green bacteria)?????????????,??
  ????????????
• ???????????,??????Myxobacteria?Streptomyces?Pseudo
  monas?Arthrobacter?????????????????????????Azotoba
  cter?Beijerinckia?Rhizobium?Clostridium?,???????Ni
  trobacter?Nitrococcus,?????????????,????(???????)?
  ??,??????????????????????,?????C?N?P?S????????,?Ps
  eudomons??????????????,???????,??????????????

6
???.??

• ????,??????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????,?????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ?????????????? ????????,?????(Yersinia
  pestis)????????,????????????,?????????????????????
  ???,??????????
• ??????,???????Streptomyces??????,?????????????
  ??,????????,?????????????????????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????

7
??????

• ????(Archaea)?????????????????????????????????????
  ,??????,??????????????????????????,???????????????
  ????????????????????????????,?????(Extreme
  Thermophile)??????(Extreme Halophile)????(Methanog
  en)?
• ?????????????????????????????????????????80-117
  ???????,??????????????pH 2.0??????????????????????
  ??,????(1.5-4.5 M NaCl)??????,????????????

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?????.??

• ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????
• ????????,????????PCR?????,???????????????????????,
  ???????????????????,??????????????(Bacteriorhodops
  in,BR)??????????????????????????

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????????????
Clostridium???????????????????????????????,???????
???????????????ABE??,?????????Acetone?Butanol?Etha
nol,????????????????,??????? ??????????????Clostri
dium,???????10100???,?????????????
??????????
Halobacterium????????strain H4(?A)?strain
H8(?B)???????????????????????????,?????,???????55
??Strain H8??????,?????????25 ,?strain
H4???????15? Strain H4??????????????,????bubbling
out????????(Surface layer)??(?A)?Strain
H8??amylase??,????amylase???????????????B??????str
ain H8???????????????????
?A
?B
????????
Methanosarcina???????????????????????,????????Meth
anosarcina?????????Methanosarcina??????????????,??
??????????????,??methanochondroitin???(????????)??
??,????????aggregate?granules??A???????????????Met
hanosarcina mazei strain FA9604c????????????,?????
????????????????(?B)?????????200
nm???methanochondroitin?Methanosarcina
mazei strain FA9604c???????????????????????UASB(up
flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor)?,????????
?A
?B
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??

• ????????????????,???????????????,??????????????,??
  ????????????,????????,????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????

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