History of Korea - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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History of Korea

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The Korean Silla dynasty made an alliance with Tang dynasty China Working together, ... wooden sides and a metal top, the world s first metal-clad ships ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: History of Korea


1
History of Korea
2
KOREA
  • Located on a peninsula
  • Covered with mountains that are not high but are
    very rugged.
  • Korea is called the Land of the Morning Calm
  • (This book title is making a pun )

3
Geography very early history
  • Has served as a cultural bridge linking China
    with island chains, including Japan

4
Earliest history of Korea Relationship with
China
  • Earliest Koreans came not from China but from
    Siberia Manchuria (north of China). The
    earliest Koreans were hunter-gatherers.
  • Korean language is unrelated to Chinese
  • However, Korea was influenced by China in many
    ways. About 1500BC, Agriculture, including rice
    farming and metalworking came to Korea from China

5
Early History of Korea
  • Kingdom of Old Choson emerged in northern Korea
    about 200BC
  • 108BC- Han dynasty China conquered Old Choson
    ruled it for 400 years
  • During this time, Confucianism came from China to
    Korea, as well as Chinese writing.

6
EARLY KOREA
  • When the Han dynasty of China fell, Korea
    regained independence there were three kingdoms
    Koguryo, Paekche Silla
  • About 300AD-600AD is called the 3 Kingdoms
    period. The 3 Kingdoms often fought among
    themselves. This corresponds to a period of
    disunity in China between the Han and Sui
    dynasties.

7
Silla dynasty-670AD-935AD
  • The 3 kingdoms of Korea continued to fight.
    Meanwhile China became reunited under the Sui
    dynasty. The Sui dynasty of China tried to take
    over Korea but failed. Soon the Tang dynasty of
    China overthrew the Sui.
  • The Korean Silla dynasty made an alliance with
    Tang dynasty China
  • Working together, the Korean kingom of Silla
    Tang China conquered the other two Korean
    kingdoms
  • Then Silla threw the Chinese out, and ruled an
    independent unified Korea 670-935AD
  • Buddhism came to Korea from China. During this
    time Buddhism became increasingly important in
    Korea and many beautiful temples were built
  • The Silla dynasty is pronounced Shilla. It can
    be spelled either Silla or Shilla.

8
Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD
  • In 935, the Koryo dynasty (this is different from
    the old Koguryo kingdom) overthrew the old Silla
    dynasty, and ruled it until the 1200s
  • The Koryo built a strong dynasty of hereditary
    kings.
  • During this time, Korea developed its own version
    of the Civil Service Exam, although in Korea,
    only men of the aristocracy could take the test.
  • The Koryo built a capital at Kaesong. We get the
    name Korea from this dynasty.

9
Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD
  • During this time, Korea improved moveable type (a
    Chinese invention), by making the letters from
    metal, which were more durable and made a sharper
    image.
  • At first, one cuts letters in beech wood. One
    fills a trough level with fine sandy clay of
    the reed-growing seashore. Wood-cut letters are
    pressed into the sand, then the impressions
    become negative and form letters molds. At this
    step, placing one trough together with another,
    one pours the molten bronze down into an opening.
    The fluid flows in, filling these negative molds,
    one by one becoming type. Lastly, one scrapes and
    files off the irregularities, and piles them up
    to be arranged.

10
MONGOLS IN KOREA
  • In 1231, the Mongols invaded and took over Korea,
    ending the Koryo dynasty.
  • In 1392, the Korean General Yi drove the Mongols
    out of Korea.

11
Yi Choson Dynasty 1392-1910
  • General Yi founded the next dynasty. It has two
    names. It is either called the Yi dynasty (after
    Yi), or the Choson dynasty. Yi himself called it
    Choson, after the first Korean kingdom- Old
    Choson.
  • This dynasty lasted until 1910, when Korea was
    annexed by Japan

12
Yi-Choson Dynasty Culture
  • During this period a beautiful type of pottery
    with a green-blue glaze was made called
    celadon.

13
Yi Choson dynasty-Hangul alphabet
  • King Sejong the Great (1418-1450) was a scholar
    in many fields
  • Created a much simpler alphabet for the Korean
    people-Hangul.
  • Hangul is said to be the easiest, most logical
    alphabet in the world, and can be learned in a
    few hours.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
14
King Sejong Hangul
  • "Being of foreign origin, Chinese characters are
    incapable of capturing uniquely Korean meanings.
    Therefore, many common people have no way to
    express their thoughts and feelings. Out of my
    sympathy for their difficulties, I have created a
    set of 28 letters. The letters are very easy to
    learn, and it is my fervent hope that they
    improve the quality of life of all people-from
    King Sejong (not Ms. LeBourg)

15
Hangul
  • ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

16
1600s
  • The Japanese tried to invade and take over Korea.
  • The Koreans, led by Admiral Yi (a different
    person from General Yi, who lived earlier) ,
    repelled their invasion with turtle boats,
    which had very thick, wooden sides and a metal
    top, the worlds first metal-clad ships.

17
What happened next?
  • The Yi (also called Choson) dynasty continued
    until 1910.
  • Then there was a period when Korea was ruled by
    Japan. Japan was very mean to Korea!!!!
  • After World War II, Korea regained its
    independence from Japan.
  • However, Korea became divided at the end of World
    War II. North Korea became communist. South Korea
    developed a very dynamic free enterprise economy
    and became the leader in video games! The two
    remain divided.

18
SOUTHEAST ASIA
  • Mainland Southeast Asia
  • Myanmar
  • Thailand (Siam)
  • Laos
  • Cambodia
  • Vietnam
  • The people kingdoms of this area were
    influenced by both China India, but also had
    their own identity

19
SOUTHEAST ASIA-Vietnam
  • Forms an S along the eastern coast of S.E.
    Asia.
  • It has mountains, deltas forests.
  • Two main rivers Red River in the North.
  • Delta of the Mekong River in the South

20
VIETNAM
  • Ancient land, inhabited since paleolithic times.
  • Not much is known for sure about its early
    history, but there are legends that tell us the
    stories of its early kings.
  • Wet rice farming began in about 1200BC

21
Vietnam
  • 111BC-conquered by Emperor Wu-ti of Han Dynasty
    China
  • Ruled by China most of the time from 111BC-939AD,
    with several short periods when they cast off
    Chinese domination. During this time it was known
    as Annam

22
Vietnam-China
  • Vietnam was heavily influenced by China
  • Adopted Mahayana Buddhism (Mahayana is the form
    of Buddhism practiced in China)
  • Also adopted the philosophy of Confucianism
  • Used the Chinese writing system.

23
Vietnam
  • 939AD-Ngo Quyen drove out the Chinese
  • There was a period of disorder
  • 1009AD, a period of strong dynasties unified
    Vietnam again.

24
Southeast Asia-Indo China
  • Other parts of Southeast Asia (other than
    Vietnam), were influenced more by India.
  • Early in the history of Southeast Asia, traders
    and missionaries (Hindu and later Buddhist) came
    from India came to Southeast Asia.

25
Southeast Asia-Indo China
  • These Hindu Buddhist Missionaries brought
    Sanskrit writing
  • Sanskrit came to be used in Southeast Asia (other
    than Vietnam). Indian literature spread.
  • Hinduism and Buddhism spread.

26
Khmer Empire
  • Centered in modern day Cambodia and Thailand,
    the Khmer Empire grew to control much of
    Southeast Asia from 850AD-1250AD

27
Khmer Empire
  • Strongly influenced by Indian culture, adopted a
    combination of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs.
  • Believed their ruler was a god-king.
  • The rulers built elaborate cities, government
    centers, and temple complexes
  • . Built the huge city of Angkor as their capital
  • Built the huge temple complex called Angkor Wat,
    as well as many other temples.

28
Khmer Empire
  • Angkor Wat is the largest religious site in the
    world
  • It is a complex of temples that symbolize the
    Hindu view of the universe.

29
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30
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31
Angkor Wat
  • built during the 1100s by Suryavaram II,
  • honors the Hindu god Vishnu
  • is a symbolic representation of Hindu cosmology.
  • Consists of an enormous temple symbolizing the
    mythic Mt. Meru, with five inter-nested
    rectangular walls and moats that represent chains
    of mountains and the cosmic ocean.

32
Khmer Empire
  • The rulers also undertook major construction
    projects for the public good, such as hospitals,
    travelers rest-houses, canals, and huge water
    control systems designed to help rice farming
  • Eventually the rulers of the Khmer Empire became
    corrupt, and this led to social discontent.

33
Khmer Empire
  • In its early history, the main religion of the
    Khmer empire was Hinduism.
  • Later the ideas of Theravada Buddhism became
    increasingly widespread
  • More like Siddhartha Gautama originally taught
  • Emphasizes non-violence

34
  • Theravada Buddhism is the purer, simpler form of
    Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism had no place for
    splendid ceremonies, elaborate temples, or a
    god-king.
  • Eventually, the Khmer empire was overthrown, and
    Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion
    in Southeast Asia.
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