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Title: Document databases in medicine


1
Document databases in medicine
2
Bibliographic databases Medline
  • The biggest and the most developed bibliographic
    database in biomedicine.
  • Built in National Library of Medicine (NLM),
    Bethesda, USA.
  • Available in e-form for a period 1966 today.
  • Includes bibliographic data about journal papers
    from 4.600 journals in biomedicine.
  • 76 of records with English abstract.
  • Still the most important information tool in
    biomedical sciences.

3
Bibliographic databases Medline
  • Size 12.000.000 bibliographic records.
  • Growth 2000 / day.
  • Each record contains subject description, made of
    MeSH descriptors.
  • The database is free of charge, because it is
    built in governmental agency.
  • Numerous installations by secondary providers
    could be very expensive.
  • Installation on NLM (PubMed) is free of charge,
    pretty clumsy, but improving all the time.

4
MeSH
  • Subject description in Medline records is
    composed of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
    descriptors and qualifiers.
  • diabetes mellitus / drug therapy
  • Qualifiers define the extent of concept
    represented by descriptor.
  • Medline records contain additional concepts which
    are chemical and pharmacological terms.

descriptor
qualifier
5
MeSH
Face A01 Cheek Chin Eye
Forehead Mouth Nose
Respiratory System A04 Larynx Lung
Nose Nasal Bone Nasal Cavity Nasal
Mucosa Nasal Septum
Sense Organs A09 Ear Eye
Nose Olfactory Mucosa Vomeronasal Organ
Taste Buds
  • Thesaurus MeSH is built hierarchically.
  • Descriptors are very often placed on a different
    places inside the same hierarchical tree an
    example of a descriptor Nose in a hierarchy
    Anatomy.

6
MeSH
  • There are 15 hierarchies.
  • Each descriptor could be placed in more than one
    hierarchy, e.g.
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndromecould be C10 -
    Nervous System Diseases or F3 - Mental Disorders

7
MeSH example of the position of descriptor
Norepinephrine
8
MeSH
  • Thesaurus MeSH is used for indexing and searching
    in Medline.
  • It is accessible on
  • http//www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2003/MBrowser.html
  • Its hierarchical nature helps with
  • navigation while selecting the most appropriate
    descriptor,
  • broadening and narrowing the query.

9
Bibliographic databases trends
  • The gap between the worlds of bibliographic
    databases and full document databases is
    narrowing.
  • Bibliographic record is often the pointer to the
    real document.
  • Full document is usually accessible only if
    users institution has a commercial contract with
    the publisher.

10
e-journal databases
  • Most big publishers of scientific literature
    offer their journals also in the e-form on the
    web.
  • The most precious source of information, but
    expensive.
  • For the academic user the access is usually
    organised by the consortia of libraries which
    negotiate with the publishers.
  • An example of a big e-journal database is Science
    Direct by Elsevier Science Publishers.

11
e-journal databases
  • A growing number of scientific e-journals which
    is accessible free of charge.
  • Some of them are born digital, some are
    published by minor publishers which are still
    searching their niche.
  • Some renowned publishers are putting their
    journals on the web free of charge after some
    time elapse since publishing.
  • Reason pressure of the scientific public.

12
e-journal databases
13
e-journal databases
14
e-journal databases
15
e-journal databases
16
e-journal databases
17
e-journal databases
18
Health portals
  • Type of an web information tool that is
    especially well developed in medicine.
  • Portals are web pages with pointers to documents
    or other information tools.
  • Developers are trying to cover some field of
    medicine or inform some user group with as
    diverse and quality documents as possible.
  • The greatest number of health portals is meant
    for lay public some are built for practicing
    professional.

19
Health portals
  • Health portals for non-professionals are trying
    to educate an informed patient.
  • The best are owned by the (mostly US)
    governmental health agencies and big clinics
    institutions that gain most with the informed
    patient.
  • Such portals bring descriptions of diseases or
    conditions, aetiologies, prognoses and
    descriptions of treatments, usually on a very
    high quality level.

20
Health portals
  • 1st type
  • Contents collected from various payable sources,
    linked together and commented.
  • Mostly reliable information,
  • lots of work used to build,
  • commercial owners.
  • 2nd type
  • Collection of pointers to web sources.
  • Sometimes less reliable information,
  • less work used to build,
  • non-commercial owners.

21
Health portals
  • 3rd type
  • Built by governmental health agencies and
    clinics.
  • Only reliable information,
  • information written at the agency or clinic,
  • lots of referential literature (health
    encyclopaedia, pharmacopoeia).

22
Health portals 1st type
  • MD Consult
  • Built by an association of medical publishers.
  • Offer information from 50 peer-reviewed sources
  • publishers,
  • medical associations,
  • US government agencies.
  • Web access
  • http//www.mdconsult.com/

23
Health portals MD Consult
Examples of searching through referential literatu
re, practical advice and data on drugs are
following.
24
Health portals MD Consult
Part of a list of textbooks. Result of a search
with query myocardial infarction AND aspirin.
25
Health portals MD Consult
Part of a textbook index with pointers to pages
and part of a page where the subject corresponds
to the query from the previous slide.
26
Health portals MD Consult
Part of an index of topics an institutions that
gave practical advice to perform medical practice.
27
Health portals MD Consult
Part of an index of database on drugs, their
pharmacological actions and usage.
28
Health portals MD Consult
29
Health portals 2nd type
  • CliniWeb
  • Built by Oregon Health Science University.
  • Pointers to public web medical sources, indexed
    with the descriptors from MeSH.
  • While navigating the hierarchy of descriptors we
  • find the pointers to the web sources, and
  • trigger the search in Medline (PubMed).
  • Web access
  • http//www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/index.html

30
Health portals CliniWeb
31
Health portals CliniWeb
32
Health portals 3rd type
  • National Institutes of Health, Health Information
  • Information from NIH and other US government
    health agencies.
  • Information meant for laypeople and medical
    doctors high quality.
  • Effective linkage to MedlinePlus, a portal with
    similar characteristics.

33
National Institutes of Health, Health Information
34
National Institutes of Health, Health Information
35
National Institutes of Health, Health Information
36
National Institutes of Health, Health Information
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