Research

1
Research

• A Primer

2
(No Transcript)
3
Plagiarism

• To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit
  whenever you use
• Another persons opinion or theory
• Facts, statistics, any info not common knowledge
• Quotations from actual or written words
• Paraphrasing / summarizations of anothers words

4
What does that mean for you?

• This means your essay will have a lot of
  parenthetic notation. How do you make sure its
  not too much?
• Introduce and conclude each paragraph in your own
  words, with your own findings
• Rephrase a sources words once youve given
  credit
• Insert your own ideasbring something new!

5
Example

• For the following sample paragraph, use this key
• Red information has been paraphrased or
  summarized
• Aqua information is quoted, which is used
  sparingly
• Black information comes directly from the author
  of the paper and is usually found at the
  beginning and end of the paragraph, or during
  transitions.

6
Surprisingly, there is some research to show
that a real King Arthur did exist, although not
as we know him. Centuries before the Medieval
period, there lived a king named Arturus, who
championed the Celtic Britons' cause against the
Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century (Brooke 110).
This man may have been a military leader of some
sort, and his name may have been derived from a
title meaning bear (Brooke 110). But if the
time was so obviously different, why is he often
portrayed as a Chivalrous king of Englands Dark
Ages? Perhaps that was because, according to
Melissa Snell, writers for hundreds of years
followed a common custom of medieval art and
literature. In matters of detail such as
clothing, armor, shelter and transportation, they
used the trappings of their own time (38). In
that case, a leader might have been shown to
wield swords and wear plate armor, even though a
Celtic chieftain would never have done so.
Therefore, the Arthur most people know is an
Arthur that never existed a new man must be
discovered.
7
Types of Notes

• Direct quotations using material word for word
• use quotation marks
• note the page number and author
• Example Novice writers often
• unintentionally plagiarize
• (Williams 49).

8
Types of Notes

• Paraphrase put into your own words what someone
  else has written or said paraphrased ideas are
  borrowed, not original. You MUST give your
  sources.
• Example Novice writers often unintentionally
  plagiarize, as noted before, because they fail to
  recognize the necessity to attribute paraphrased,
  summarized, and borrowed ideas to their original
  owners.
• Beginning writers often plagiarize because they
  do not realize that what they know comes directly
  from what they have just read (Williams 49).

9
Types of Notes

• Summary condense information in your own words
  summarized ideas are borrowed, not original. You
  MUST give your sources.
• Example Novice writers often unintentionally
  plagiarize, as noted before, because they fail to
  recognize the necessity to attribute paraphrased,
  summarized, and borrowed ideas to their original
  owners.
• Students who plagiarize are often unaware that
  they are doing so (Williams 49).

10
Types of Notes

• Original ideas your comments, judgments,
  connections, etc. no need to give your source
• Example Many juniors at Loyola Blakefield High
  School have no idea what plagiarism really is
  they will go on to college setting themselves up
  for disappointment.

11
Using Notecards

• Once you have a source, determine important
  information and take a note of it on a card one
  note per card.
• 1. Identify the source (author, webpage, etc.)
• 2. Identify the page number
• 3. Use quotation marks to show a direct quote

12
Possible evidence of the existence of Arthur, the legendary warrior king, has been found at Tintagel in Cornwall. A Cornish slate with sixth-century engravings was found in July on the eastern terraces of Tintagel on the edge of a cliff overlooking the place traditionally known as Merlin's Cave. It was discovered under broken pottery and glass from the late sixth or seventh centuries during the re-excavations of an area last dug in the 1930s. The 8 inch by 14 inch slate bears two inscriptions. The older, upper letters have been broken off and cannot be deciphered. The lower inscription, translated by Charles Thomas of the University of Glasgow, reads "Pater Coliavi ficit Artognov--Artognou, father of a descendant of Coll, has had this built." The inscription is basically in Latin, perhaps with some primitive Irish and British elements, according to Thomas. The British name represented by the Latin Atrognov is Arthnou. Geoffrey Wainwright of English Heritage says that the name is close enough to refer to Arthur, the legendary king and warrior. Thomas, however, believes that we must dismiss ideas that the name is associated with King Arthur. Christopher Morris, professor of archaeology at the University of Glasgow and the director of the excavations, feels that the script does not necessarily refer to Arthur, because King Arthur first entered the historical domain in the twelfth century. King Arthur Was Real? by Amelie Walker in Archaelogy Today Direct Quote Paraphrase
13
Possible evidence of the existence of Arthur, the legendary warrior king, has been found at Tintagel in Cornwall. A Cornish slate with sixth-century engravings was found in July on the eastern terraces of Tintagel on the edge of a cliff overlooking the place traditionally known as Merlin's Cave. It was discovered under broken pottery and glass from the late sixth or seventh centuries during the re-excavations of an area last dug in the 1930s. The 8 inch by 14 inch slate bears two inscriptions. The older, upper letters have been broken off and cannot be deciphered. The lower inscription, translated by Charles Thomas of the University of Glasgow, reads "Pater Coliavi ficit Artognov--Artognou, father of a descendant of Coll, has had this built." The inscription is basically in Latin, perhaps with some primitive Irish and British elements, according to Thomas. The British name represented by the Latin Atrognov is Arthnou. Geoffrey Wainwright of English Heritage says that the name is close enough to refer to Arthur, the legendary king and warrior. Thomas, however, believes that we must dismiss ideas that the name is associated with King Arthur. Christopher Morris, professor of archaeology at the University of Glasgow and the director of the excavations, feels that the script does not necessarily refer to Arthur, because King Arthur first entered the historical domain in the twelfth century. King Arthur Was Real? by Amelie Walker in Archaelogy Today Direct Quote Paraphrase
Tintagel slate w/ 6th-century writingsnear Merlins Cavefound in July of 2003 Walker
"Pater Coliavi ficit Artognov--Artognou, father of a descendant of Coll, has had this built." inscription on slate Walker
14
Using Notecards

• After you have taken all the necessary notes,
  organize your cards according to your outline.
  For example, where would a note about Arthur
  possibly being based on a Welsh chieftain or
  warlord go?
• I. Introduction
• II. Possible sources for the legend
• III. Geoffrey of Monmouth
• IV. Arthur in literature
• V. Conclusion

15
Using Notecards

• Finally, use a variety of direct quotations,
  summarized or paraphrased material and original
  work to construct the paragraphs that will make
  up your report.