Aim: How was Europe divided during the period of feudalism?

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Aim How was Europe divided during the period of
feudalism?

• Do Now Review quiz - Chapter 8, sections 1,2
• HW Read Chapter 8, section 3 Extra credit do
  guided reading or focus questions

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Work in Pairs

• Map work, Peoples of Europe, 800-1100

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Summary

• How was European society affected by the creation
  of many feudal states?

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Aim How did feudalism represent a response to
changing social conditions? Do Now Feudal
Relationships Do 1-3 on lined paper 

• Underline and put notes in margins
• HW Chapter 8, section 2

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Vocabulary

• Feudalism pledge of service in exchange for
  land decentralized system based on personal
  loyalty or bonds
• Fief feudal grant, usually of land
• Vassalage ties of allegiance
• Subinfeudation vassals grant lands to their
  subordinates (their vassals)
• Benefice grant of land/fixed term for service
• Homage oath of vassalage

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Feudalism and the Manorial System
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Feudalism

• 900s - most Europeans were governed
• by small, independent leaders in a system
• called feudalism

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Feudalism

• Lords granted land to lesser nobles (vassals)
• in return for loyalty, military assistance, and
• other services

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Feudalism

• The grant of land was called a fief vassals
• did not own the land but used it to maintain
• themselves and their household

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Feudalism

• A vassal could divide the land and grant it to
• others, thus also becoming a lord

A vassal giving homage to his lord
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Feudalism

• Fiefs became hereditary, passed from
• father to eldest son under a system called
• primogeniture

Charlemagnes family tree
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Feudalism

• Women only had limited property rights but
• retained control of her dowry if her husband
• died

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Feudalism

• Local wars between feudal lords were
• common large-scale wars were extremely
• destructive

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Feudalism

• Knights wore chain mail or metal plate armor
• and were armed with a sword, shield, and
• lance

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Feudalism

• Wars offered opportunities for glory and wealth
• for nobles, but caused great suffering and
• hardship

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Feudalism

• The church tried to limit suffering by issuing
• decrees that prohibited certain acts of
• violence

Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest
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Feudalism

• Feudal justice was decided by trial by battle,
• oath-taking, or trial by ordeal

Trial by the ordeal of fire, where the suspect
had to carry a bar of red-hot iron in his hands
while he walked nine marked paces. In the
unlikely event of no burns appearing on his hand,
he was judged innocent.
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II. The Manorial System

• Manors were self-sufficient farming estates
• shared by lords and peasants (serfs)
• manorialism shaped the economic structure

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A. Function

• Western Europe was much more rural than Eastern
  Europe
• Manorialism was the economic foundation of feudal
  society
• The open field system of medieval farming
• Origin and status of serfdom
• By 800 AD, nearly 60 of western Europe was
  enserfed

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II. The Manorial System

• Serfs farmed the land and gave crops,
• services, loyalty, and taxes to the lord

Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash
and with livestock
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II. The Manorial System

• The life span of a serf was short due to
• disease, starvation, and war upper class lives
• were not luxurious

Humans by Era  
Neanderthal 20
Upper Paleolithic 33
Neolithic 20
Bronze Age 18
Classical Greece 28
Classical Rome 28
Medieval Britain 33
End of 19th Century Western Europe 37
Current world average 66.12
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B. Life in a Medieval Village

• Living conditions of the serfs
• Striking lack of privacy for family members
• Variety of dietary options for peasants
• The central role of bread in the peasant diet80
  of caloric content

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B. Life in a Medieval Village (cont)

• Center of manorial life was the village church
• Village church services
• Life was short and frightening for village
  peasants
• Village life was strictly hierarchical
• Village life was also very communal
• Village life was always very local

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II. The Manorial System

• Marriage was viewed as a means to advance
• ones fortune or the way a man might
• acquire land

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II. The Manorial System

• By the late 1100s chivalry had begun to bring
• major changes to feudal society

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II. The Manorial System

• Chivalry was a code of conduct that dictated
• the knights behavior toward others

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II. The Manorial System

• Knights were expected to be courageous, fair,
• loyal, honest, gallant, and courteous to women