The%20fall%20of%20great%20empires%20and%20the%20arrive%20of%20the%20Conquistadors%20:

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• The fall of great empires and the arrive of the
  Conquistadors
• Who are the Triangles?

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• Play while students are entering
• http//www.history.com/topics/aztecs/videos

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Conquistador

• Conquistador Spanish explorers and conqueror

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The Aztec

• Call themselves Mexica (x makes a sh sound)
• Poor nomadic people
• Wander around and get kicked out of places
• Become soldiers for hire
• God of war Huitzilopochtli tells them to found a
  city of their own

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Tells the Mexica to look for an eagle perched on
a cactus holding a snake
They find this on a small island in Lake Texcoco
Found their city there and name it Tenochtitlan
No other groups really care - its a bad place to
live
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Tenochtitlan

• The Mexica begin to better their city
• Drain marshes
• Bring in irrigation
• Build chinampas - floating gardens
• Add land to their island

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The Triple Alliance

• Aztecs form alliance with two other city-states
  surrounding Lake Texcoco
• Texcoco
• Tlacopan
• Early 1500s - empire of 80,000 square miles, 38
  provinces, 5-15 million people

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Building an Empire

• Aztecs use war machine to conquer
• Loose political control
• Demand tribute - gold, maize, cacao beans,
  cotton, jade
• Use military as a punishment

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Religion

• Dominates life much like the Maya
• Worship gods such as Quetzalcoatl,
  Huizilopochtli, Ehcatl, Xipe Totec
• Gods need blood to sustain life - huge amounts of
  human sacrifice take place
• Need to conquer more lands to get more captives
  for sacrifice - Flowery War
• Conquered nations not happy

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Xipe Totec

• Our Lord the Flayed One
• Very particular form of sacrifice demanded
• Gets the Aztec in big trouble early in their
  history

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Montezuma and Cortes
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The Spanish Conquest

• 1519 - Cortes lands off eastern coast of Mexico
  with 550 soldiers and sailors
• 16 horses are there as well - first ones ever in
  the New World
• Natives are not sure what to think - are these
  people gods or humans?

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The Conquistadors

• Have steel swords
• Cannons
• Guns
• Horses

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Montezumas Dilemma

• Montezuma is the Aztec emperor
• What should he do with newcomers
• Are they the return of Quetzalcoatl?
• Has to be cautious - sends gifts to them and
  tells them not to bother traveling to
  Tenochtitlan
• Conquistadors continue inland - sporadic fighting
  occurs

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• Quetzalcoatl was described to be a white skinned
  man with a beard
• Cortez arrived during this celebration and looked
  like this god

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Montezuma Lets Them In

• He is too indecisive
• Allows the conquistadors into Tenochtitlan and
  treats them as guests
• Conquistadors are shocked by what they see - good
  and bad

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•   Cortez shocked by the human sacrifices said to
  get rid of destroy all ideals
• Aztecs PO
• Cortez took Montezuma prisoner
• Cortez found out Aztec killed some of his troops
•   Cortez order Montezuma to burn all the soldiers
  involved in the attack were burned alive 

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• Cortez was obsessed with the gold
• Aztec had their fill of the Spanish and ran them
  out
• Aztec started to get small pox
• Spanish army reattached and conquered
• 80 days of a siege

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Spanish Regroup

• Conquistadors escape and regroup
• Take refuge with Tlaxcalan allies
• Attack Tenochtitlan again
• Divide conquistadors up and have a flotilla
  attack all at once
• Aztec are defeated

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INCAS

• http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-inc
  a-civilization-pre-columbian-south-america.html
• http//www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-
  all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-ri
  se-of-the-incas

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Exploring

• Spain explored from California to Florida
• Juan Ponce de Leon searched
• Legend of youthful water-never found
• DARN!

http//images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb200811021259
50/pirates/images/d/d6/Juan_Ponce_de_Leon.jpg
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Exploring

• DeSoto searched the Southeast for gold
• He died
• Francisco Coronado explored the southwest
• Lots of native resistance

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Settling New Spain

• Conquistadors were bad rulers at first
• Three types of settlements
• Pueblostowns centers of trade
• Presidios forts were soldiers lived
• Missions religious settlements run by Catholic
  priests

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Social Classes

• Haciendas Large land tracts
• Given to Peninsulares

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Who is going to work land?

• Ecomiendas land grants that included the right
  to demand labor or taxes from Natives
• Social class system
• Start of Atlantic Slave Trade

http//9f1780.medialib.glogster.com/media/357a382c
1179f7959ec74b2cad93b88e83ab76aa467b610834dd186df1
f57797/social-classes.jpg
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Social Classes

• Peninsulares born in Spain, highest jobs in gov
  Church
• Creoles people born in the Americas to Spanish
  parents
• Mestizos Mixed Spanish Indian
• Labor (enslaved Natvies)