The Republic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Republic

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The Republic Bio Birth name of Aristocles, later nicknamed Platon that means broad, A Greek Philosopher student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle Plato s father ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Republic


1
The Republic
2
Bio
  • Birth name of Aristocles, later nicknamed Platon
    that means broad,
  • A Greek Philosopher
  • student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle
  • Platos father, Ariston, came from the kings of
    Athens and Messenia. His mother, Perictione,
    might be related to the 6th century BCE Greek
    statesman Solon. Its still unknown
  • Born between 429 and 423 BC in Athens or Aegina
    but it is unsure
  • Founded one of the earliest schools the Grove of
    Hecademus or Academus
  • Death On a bed while some Thracian girl was
    playing the flute, or at a wedding feast, or
    simply in his bed

3
Guide
  • Book 1 SOCRATES GLAUCON, Topic "Of Wealth,
    Justice, Moderation, and Their Opposites"
  • Book 2 SOCRATES GLAUCON, Topic The
    Individual, the State, and Education
  • Book 3 SOCRATES ADEIMANTUS, Topoic "The Arts
    in Education"
  • Book 4 ADEIMANTUS SOCRATES, Topic "Wealth,
    Poverty, and Virtue"
  • Book 5 SOCRATES - GLAUCON ADEIMANTUS,
    Topic"On Matrimony and Philosophy"
  • Book 6 SOCRATES GLAUCON, Topic "On Matrimony
    and Philosophy"
  • Book 7 SOCRATES GLAUCON, Topic "The
    Philosophy of Government"
  • Book 8 SOCRATES GLAUCON, TopicOn Shadows and
    Realities in Education"
  • Book 9 SOCRATES ADEIMANTUS, Topic"On Wrong Or
    Right Government, and the Pleasure of Each"
  • Book 10 SOCRATES GLAUCON, Topic The
    Recompense of Life

4
Characters
  • Socrates is the main guy of the argument, he is
    the wisest and has a very open mind about society
    and justice.
  • Cephalus he is an old wise man who is at peace,
    but is full of thoughts on how to make money, and
    is restrained by only seeing his point of view.
  • Polemarchus son and heir of Cephalus, after the
    first argument he drops out, because he is not
    yet wise, he goes by rules not principles of life
    and cannot keep up with Socrates
  • Thrasymachus he is a Strong man nicknamed
    Chalcedonian giant, but has no skills he is
    nothing compared to Socrates and cannot back up
    Cephalus and Polemarchus, is silenced at the end
    of the first book.
  • Glaucon represents the youth, but unlike
    Thrasymachus he can keep a point and is able to
    keep faith in just and true, he has a more
    adolescent prospective, he opens the topics
  • Adeimantus is much more mature than Glaucon, he
    pursues the arguments, and wants to stick to what
    seems more important.

5
Setting
  • The main setting of the Republic is the house of
    Caphalus. Socrates visits Caphalus to have a
    conversation with him, they start an argument
    about justice and how its worth while, as they
    speak other characters jump in. Starting with the
    old Athenian who worked for his money and wealth,
    who is followed by the practical man of that day
    regulating his life by basic truth to him
    succeeds the wild generalization of the Sophists,
    and lastly come the young of the great teacher,
    who know the sophistical arguments but aren't
    completely convinced by them, they want to know
    more until they can be sure.
  • They all build the Republic by adding ideas and
    getting corrected by Socrates.

6
The Soul and The Types of Classes
  • Soul
  • Appetite usual needs like hunger, thirst, and
    other human desires
  • Rational thinking, Logos, decides what good and
    bad, true or false
  • Spirited Emotions, love honor
  • Class type
  • Producers Basically they middle class that make
    up the city, like farmers, welders, architects,
    merchants, doctors, actors, artist etc.
  • Auxiliaries Protect the city, enforce laws, keep
    peace at home, and make sure producers obey
  • Guardians Philosopher kings, most important
    ones, they go through special training.

7
Allegory of the cave
  • The importance on the allegory of the cave is
    that it will be the way the guardians will be
    trained. The guardians are responsible for ruling
    the city. They are chosen from among the ranks of
    the auxiliaries, and are also known as
    philosopher-kings.
  • They need to be educated to the max to be able to
    keep the republic in control. Without the
    guardians Plato's society wouldnt work.
  • The cave is actually the academy they will be in.
    To study and be trained for years. By the time
    they are led out and experience life. They will
    want to know more and protect more. Everything
    that they learned will keep adding on. And as
    they reach a certain age they will be worthy
    enough to rule.

8
Audience
  • So when men are mistaken in their judgments,
    Polemarchus, it will often be right for them to
    injure their friends, who in their eyes are bad,
    and help their enemies, who are good. Which the
    very opposite of what we said Simonides meant.
    (Plato, The Republic, 1974, Page 12)

9
Epanalepsis
  • And so our is the only state in which we shall
    find the shoemaker sticking to his shoemaking and
    not turning pilot as well, the farmer sticking to
    his farming and not taking on court work into the
    bargain, and the soldier sticking to his
    soldiering and not running a business as well,
    and so on? (Plato, The Republic, 1974, Page 92)

10
Rhetorical Question
  • Well then, what is the use of justice in peace
    time, and what do we get out of it? (Plato, The
    Republic, 1974, Page 10)
  • Come, then could the eyes properly perform their
    function if instead of their own peculiar
    excellence they had the corresponding defect?
    (Plato, The Republic, 1974, page 38)

11
Tone
  • I dont expect to escape from you, I Returned
    ask your questions. Though youve heard about it
    often enough, and either dont understand for the
    moment, or else are deliberately giving me
    trouble by your persistence I suspect Its the
    latter, because you have certainly often been
    told that the highest form of knowledge is
    knowledge of the form of the good, from which
    things that are just and so on derive their
    usefulness and value. You know pretty well that
    thats what I have to say, and that if we are
    ignorant of it the rest of our knowledge, however
    perfect, can be of no benefit to us, just as its
    no use possessing anything if you cant get any
    good out of it. Or do you think there any point
    in possessing anything if its no good? Is there
    any point in having all other forms of knowledge
    with out that of the good, and so lacking
    knowledge about what is good and valuable?(
    Plato, The Republic, 1974, page 229)

12
Antithesis
  • And is not the same also true of more and less,
    double and half and the like, or heavier and
    lighter, quicker and slower, of hot and cold, and
    indeed of all similar correlative terms? (Plato,
    The Republic, 1974, Page 145)

13
Simile
  • And just as it was right to think of light and
    sight as being like the sun, but wrong to think
    of them as being the sun itself, so here again it
    is right to think of knowledge and truth as being
    like the good, but wrong to think of either of
    them as being the good whose position must be
    ranked still higher (Plato, The Republic, 1974,
    234)

14
Works cited
  • Biography http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato
  • Facts http//www.egs.edu/library/plato/biography/
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