Exploring the Poultry Industry

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Exploring the Poultry Industry

• Lesson 6

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Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• HS-LS2-1. Use mathematical and/or computational
  representations to support explanations of
  factors that affect carrying capacity of
  ecosystems at different scales. Clarification
  Statement Emphasis is on quantitative analysis
  and comparison of the relationships among
  interdependent factors including boundaries,
  resources, climate and competition. Examples of
  mathematical comparisons could include graphs,
  charts, histograms, and population changes
  gathered from simulations or historical data
  sets. Assessment Boundary Assessment does not
  include deriving mathematical equations to make
  comparisons. HS-LS2-2. Use mathematical
  representations to support and revise
  explanations based on evidence about factors
  affecting biodiversity and populations in
  ecosystems of different scales. Clarification
  Statement Examples of mathematical
  representations include finding the average,
  determining trends, and using graphical
  comparisons of multiple sets of data.
  Assessment Boundary
• Assessment is limited to provided data.

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Work

• Describe the various types components of the
  poultry industry.
• Identify the difference between the broiler and
  egg laying industry and the breeds used.
• Explain production systems and marketing of
  poultry.
• List and describe breeds of poultry.

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Terms

• Bantams
• Broilers
• Chick
• Cockerels
• Drake
• Duckling
• Free Range
• Gander
• Goose
• Gosling

• Hens
• Layers
• Poult
• Poultry
• Pullet Producers
• Pullets
• Roosters
• Tom

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Interest Approach

• Display eggs on a safe surface to show the
  different colors, grades, and weight classes.
  Start a discussion asking students to think of
  reasons that the eggs may be different.

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What is poultry?

• Poultry
• group name for all domesticated birds used for
  meat, eggs, and feathers
• referred to as fowl

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What is the difference between poultry and other
animals?

• Digestive System
• has a gizzard instead of teeth
• Reproductive System
• egg laying after mating for fertile eggs
• Egg laying of infertile eggs on a regular basis
• artificial insemination is needed because some
  birds are unable to mate naturally because of
  their mass of flesh
• one body opening for removal of liquid and solid
  waste

• Externally poultry have feathers rather than
  hair or fur.
• Ability to fly
• Two legs rather than four
• Lay eggs rather than give live birth
• Extremely rapid growth rate

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The poultry industry can really be divided into
two separate divisions- meat production egg
production.

• Broiler Meat production
• Extremely rapid growing, heavy muscle birds are
  utilized for meat production. This is basically
  the opposite of the egg producing birds.
• The emphasis here is not on egg production but
  growth rate and meat production.

• Layer Egg Production
• Smaller, lighter muscled breeds of birds are
  utilized in egg production.
• Energy is devoted to producing eggs rather than
  muscle. Egg production is located in different
  areas in our country than meat production. Hens
  are usually kept for one production cycle and
  then replaced with new young birds.

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External Parts of Poultry
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External Parts of Poultry
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External Parts of Poultry
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Identify poultry terminology.

• Objective 2

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What are terms associated with poultry?

• Chickens
• Layers
• chickens that are used to produce large
  quantities of eggs
• generally the White Leghorn breed is used for
  laying hens
• The top egg producing states are in order
• Iowa
• Ohio
• Indiana
• Pennsylvania
• California
• Texas
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Nebraska
• Georgia
• The top five states produce 50 of the eggs in
  the US!

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Poultry Terms Cont.

• Layers cont.
• Monthly US production nearly 7 billion eggs
• Average number of laying hens in the US is 292
  million
• Annual egg production is valued at 7 billion

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Poultry Terms Cont.

• Broilers- young meat producing birds that reach
  an average market weight of 4lbs. At 6-7 weeks of
  age.
• Million pounds consumed ready-to-cook basis
  1950 - 1,381
• Million pounds consumed ready-to-cook basis
  2013 - 38,387
• Average annual US production is nearly 37
  billion lbs. valued a 21.5 billion dollars.

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What are terms associated with poultry?

• Chickens
• Roosters
• mature males
• Pullets
• young female chickens
• Hens
• mature females
• Bantams
• miniature chickens

• Turkeys
• Hens
• mature females
• Tom
• adult male
• gobbler
• Poult
• young turkey of either sex

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What are terms associated with poultry?

• Ducks
• have down that grows under feathers
• Hens
• mature female
• Drake
• mature male
• Duckling
• young duck of both sexes

• Geese
• Goose
• female at maturity
• Gander
• male at maturity
• Goslings
• young geese

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Explain production systems and marketing of
poultry.

• Objective 3

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What are ways to market and produce poultry?

• Consumption of red meat has declined recently,
  the consumption of poultry meat has increased.
• Chickens are the main form of consumed poultry.
• Turkeys sell better near holidays.
• Eggs consumption is fairly constant with a peak
  around fall holidays.

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Areas of Chicken Production

• Broiler Production
• producing as much meat as quickly as possible for
  maximum profit
• large facilities for 6 to 7 weeks before
  marketing
• nutrition environment major consideration
• 99 are grown under contract between farmer
  processor
• other outlets include live broilers at auctions,
  to dealers, or processing plants

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Egg Production

• Produce high quality eggs for consumption.
• Provide ideal environment for the hens.
• Proper housing and nutrition is needed.
• Keep all eggs clean and prevent from breaking is
  another factor.
• Marketing eggs is under contract similar to
  broilers.
• Other options for eggs include local buyers or
  through cooperatives.
• Hundreds of thousands of eggs are used daily in
  commercial food preparation.

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Pullet Producers

• Production systems that raise hens for laying
  purposes.
• Raise day-old female chicks into replacement
  hens.
• Raise until they are 20 weeks old.
• Delivered to laying farm to begin egg production
  at 24 weeks of age.
• Marketing is done between pullet producer and the
  egg producer.

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Free Range Egg Production!
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Free Range Production

• Free range production is actually turning back
  the clock to traditional production methods prior
  to the advent of the commercial methods
  utilized in the poultry industry today.
• Small scale/small investment, backyard production
  has helped spur interest in free range production
  techniques.
• Animal rights groups are also advocating for a
  return to the free range production methods.

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Free Range Broiler Production
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Production Comparison

• Free Range
• Smaller investment
• Claims of higher quality
• Often suited for niche
• markets
• Labor intensive
• May require addition feed
• Lower production levels for eggs/slower growing
  broilers

• Standard Commercial
• Large initial investment
• Less labor required
• High production levels of eggs and broilers
• Lower feed consumption
• Lower death loss

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List and describe kinds and breeds of poultry.

• Objective 4

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Chickens
Andalusian

• 4 classes of chickens
• Mediterranean
• American
• English
• Asiatic
• Identification Characteristics
• color of eggs, skin, eyes, earlobes, and plumage

Australorp
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Brahma
Barred Plymouth Rock
Single-Comb White Leghorn
Cornish Game
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Turkey Breeds

• Broad-Breasted Large White
• most popular breed
• developed from crosses
• males have black beards
• all have white feet, beaks, shanks
• all commercial turkeys are bred using AI because
  their breast is so large that it makes natural
  service impossible

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Ducks

• Breeds used for meat
• Call -Aylesbury
• Swedish -Muscovy
• Rouen -Cayuga
• White Pekin
• Breeds used for eggs
• Khaki Campbells
• Indian Runners

• White Pekin
• most commonly used
• originated in China
• Weigh 8 pounds
• white feathered with yellowish skin
• nervous birds
• white0tinted eggs

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Khaki Campbell
Pekin
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Geese
Embden

• Used for meat, eggs, feathers, down and weeding
  crops
• Most common breeds
• Toulouse
• Embden
• Chinese
• Pilgrim
• African

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Review

• What is poultry?
• What are terms associated with poultry?
• What are ways to market and produce poultry?
• What are different kinds and breeds of poultry?

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The End!