AHON Chapter 15 Secton 1 Lecture Notes

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Objectives

• Identify the states that supported the Union, the
  states that seceded, and the states whose
  loyalties were divided.
• Describe the advantages each side had in the war.
• Compare the different strategies used by the
  North and the South.
• Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull
  Run.
• Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced.

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Terms and People

• border state a slave state that did not secede
• neutral not favoring either side
• martial law a type of rule in which the
  military is in charge and citizens rights are
  suspended
• blockade a military action to prevent traffic
  from coming into an area or leaving it

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Chapter 15 Section 1 The Call to Arms Learning
Target I can describe the advantages both sides
had during the Civil War.
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• Warm Up Questions
• List one advantage the South had.
• List one advantage the North had.
• What is the Norths strategy?
• What is the Souths strategy?
• How does the Union plan to cut the South off from
  foreign trade?

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Why did both the North and the South think they
would easily win the war?
Many Northerners and Southerners were confident
that their side would win a quick victory.
The North had a greater population and more
resources.
The South had a more experienced military.
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Creation of West Virginia After the attack on
Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to
send troops to end what he called a rebellion.
This caused more southern states to secede.
The western counties of Virginia refused to
secede. These joined the Union as the state of
West Virginia.
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The Border States A key question at the start of
the war was whether border states would side with
the Union or the Confederacy.
Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and
Mississippi Rivers.
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Four border states did not secede
Delaware Delaware supported the Union.
Kentucky Kentucky started out neutral. After it was invaded by southern troops, Kentucky supported the Union.
Missouri President Lincoln used force to keep Missouri in the Union.
Maryland Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep it in the Union.
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Northern Advantages The North was confident that
it would win the war by taking advantage of its
resources. These included
a larger population
more acres of farmland
more factories
more railroad tracks
The North was able to field, feed, and equip
larger armies.
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The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy
in its amount of resources.
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Southern Advantages On the other hand, the South
had the advantage of land. The North would have
to invade land with which they were not familiar.
Also, three generals, including Robert E. Lee,
had resigned from the U.S. Army to help the South.
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The Norths Strategy The North planned a
multi-part strategy to defeat the South.

• Blockade southern ports.
• Seize Richmond.
• Gain control of the Mississippi River and split
  the South in two.

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The Southern Strategy The South had a simpler
strategy.
They only needed to defend their land until the
Northern armies got tired of fighting.
They also sought help from Britain and other
European nations that relied on the South for
cotton.
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When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers
volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies.
Many of these soldiers were young and
inexperienced.
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Conditions for Soldiers Life in an army camp was
harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even
death.
Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks.
Camps were filthy and lacked clean water.
Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded
prison camps.
Thousands died from starvation or exposure.
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First Battle of Bull Run
However, in the north, newspapers called for a
quick end to the war.
Because many soldiers were unskilled, Union
General Irvin McDowell wanted time to train his
men.
Union soldiers marched towards Richmond.
During the First Battle of Bull Run, Confederate
general Stonewall Jackson and his men held firm.
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Inexperienced Union soldiers panicked and then
retreated, but the Confederates were too
exhausted to pursue them.
Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be
long and costly.
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• Closing Questions
• Answer each question by yourself in 2-3 COMPLETE
  sentences.
• Knowing the advantages of each side who do you
  think had a better chance of winning the war?
  Explain.
• What would have happened if the North would not
  have been able to cut off the South from foreign
  trade? How would this have affected the outcome
  of the war?

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• Closing Questions Honors
• Answer each question by yourself in 3-4 COMPLETE
  sentences.
• Knowing the advantages of each side who do you
  think had a better chance of winning the war?
  Explain.
• What would have happened if the North would not
  have been able to cut off the South from foreign
  trade? How would this have affected the outcome
  of the war?

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Section Review
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