Speech on the seventieth birthday of Stalin (21 December 1949)

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Speech on the seventieth birthday of Stalin (21
December 1949) Mao Zedong

• Stalin is our greatest father and teacher. In
  the name of Chinese people and Chinese Communist
  Party, we celebrate comrade Stalin's seventy
  birthday. May he be in the best health and live a
  long life! Leader of both the world's working
  class and Communist Internationale Ten thousand
  years of life to Stalin!

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Rise of Communism

• Russia

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Road to the Russian Revolution

• Nicholas II tries to hold on to an autocracy
• One guy in charge
• 1905 Bloody Sunday
• 200,000 people march in St. Petersburg
• Better working conditions and a national
  legislature.
• Russian troops start shooting people
• Hundreds killed, 1,000 wounded riots
• Nick II has no choice but to agree to legislature
  
• called the Duma (gets rid of it after 10 weeks)
• Gives Russian people a taste of liberty

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• 1914 Russia enters WWI
• 9 million casualties
• Nick II moves to the Eastern Front to keep an eye
  on things.
• Leaves his wife at home to run the government.
• She is influenced by Rasputin and people think
  he is calling the shots.
• Makes rich Russians mad
• They end up killing him -- eventually

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• March 1917
• Nick II realizes its over
• Quits as Czar
• July 1918 Lenin orchestrates the murder of the
  entire family.

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• Bolsheviks take over and a civil war breaks out
  (1918-1923)
• Due to controversy over governing philosophy
  (Communism vs. Moderates)
• Red Army (Bolsheviks) Vs. White Army (everyone
  else)
• Results in another 14,000,000 deaths
• Fighting, hunger, flu
• The Red Army wins and Russia becomes a Communist
  Country.

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Stalin

• Emphasized industrialization strengthening
  agriculture
• 1930s Russia isolated from the West

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Five Year Plans

• Goal modernize Soviet Union
• Increase agriculture industry
• Stalin saw Russia as 150 years behind
• Collectivization
• Forced and led to disaster
• Man-made famine in Ukraine
• Kurkuls resisted collectivist farms as they saw
  it as a return to serfdom
• Cruel but a victory for communists
• USSR didnt meet most of the goals
• Still a HUGE step towards full industrialization

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Kharkiv-1932
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Rise of Communism

• China

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Beginnings of Communism

• Qing (Manchus) overthrown (1911)
• Nationalist Party comes to power
• Civil War Warlords
• Bad for peasants

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Chinese Role in WWI

• The Chinese declared war on Germany
• Hoped Allies would reward them by giving China
  back to the Chinese
• INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan the
  rights to Shandong Province
• May 4th Movement (1919)
• National protests against weak Chinese Response
  to ToV

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The Rise of Communism

• 1921 officially establish the Chinese Communist
  Party (CCP)
• Nationalists vs. Communist

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The Chinese Struggle

• Two forces
• 1. Nationalist movement to push the foreign
  merchants and capitalists out
• 2. A strong worker/peasant movement to liberate
  the people from oppression by their own leaders
  and business people

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Civil War

• 1930 Nationalists vs. Communists.
• The Long March
• Mao and followers chased 9000 km and 90 of
  people died survivors led revolution
• Meanwhile Japan invades China from North
• foreign attack forced the Nationalists and
  Communists to unite to save China

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Mao Zedong-1947
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Containment after WWII

• US policy of containment stop spread of
  communism
• Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to
  Taiwan in 1949
• Declared founding of PRC (Peoples Republic of
  China)
• Two Chinas
• PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972

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Rule by Mao Zedong

• PRC evolves in 2 phases
• 1. The Soviet Model (1949-1957)
• Land reform
• Civil reform
• 5 Year Plan
• 2. Great Leap Forward (1958-1963)

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The Great Leap Forward (1958-1963)

• Five year plan to modernize China
• Mao, after touring China felt they we capable of
  producing more
• In order to increase industrial output,
  agricultural output must increase to provide food
• This leads to famine due to irresponsible farming
  techniques
• Also, this was a period of drought and floods
• Machines were unreliable, as they were
  constructed quickly
• Fails, 20 million die

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Unloading Docks by Hand
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Backyard Steel Production
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The Four Pests Campaign
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Ecological Crisis

• This campaign was intended to create a hygienic
  China
• Killed rats, mosquitos, flies, and sparrows
• Fallout
• Sparrows ate rice seeds, but also insects that
  reduced crop production
• Upset the ecological balance, lower crop
  production

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Cultural Revolution

• Mao unhappy with market-oriented policies
• Cultural Revolution (60s 70s) political,
  social, economic change
• Remove Old China
• Scholars sent to the fields to work
• Universities libraries were destroyed
• Elementary education
• All people should be able to read and write

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Mao vs. Lenin

• Mao

• Lenin

• Based on Marxism
• Political, economic social equality
• Increased industrialization agriculture
• Power lies with the urban working class

• Based on Marxism
• Political, economic social equality
• Increased industrialization agriculture
• Power lies with the peasants

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Totalitarianism
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What is it?

• A government that takes total, centralized, state
  control over every aspect of public AND private
  life.
• People give up liberty for a sense of security.
• Need a dynamic leader to pull it off
• Stalin
• Mao
• Hitler

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What you need to make a Totalitarian State Work

• Police Terror
• Violence and terror keep people in line.
• The secret police ENFORCE policy NOT protect
  citizens and catch criminals.
• Spy on citizens
• May beat or even murder people

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• Indoctrination
• Instruction in government beliefs
• Glorify the leader
• And his ideas
• Begins with the young
• Schools are key
• Ex Hitler Youth

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• Propaganda and Censorship
• Used to sway people
• Must have control of ALL media to make it work.
• The goal ? present false information as the
  truth.
• Anyone who tries to call the government out must
  be dealt with harshly
• prison or a bullet

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• Persecution
• Usually ethnic or religious
• You need someone to blame when things go wrong.
• Need to be identifiable
• Live in certain places
• Follow special laws

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Case Study- Stalinist Russia

• The KGB (secret police)
• Kept tabs on EVERYONE
• Tap phones, read mail, random arrests and
  interrogations/ forced confessions.
• Arrest LOTS
• send them to the gulag (labor camp)
• Or shoot them

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• Vasili Blokhin (KGB Executioner)
• Once shot 7,000 Polish prisoners in 28 Days

• Nikolai Yezhov (head of the KGB in the 1930s

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• Propaganda and Censorship
• Stalins government controlled
• Newspapers, movies, radio, and other sources of
  info.
• All Stalin, all the time
• Everything was a success, all policies were
  great, Stalin was awesome, etc, etc, etc

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• Education Indoctrination
• The communist party controlled ALL schools
• from preschool to college
• Get the Party message for a LONG time.
• ANY teacher or professor who challenged the Party
  view was arrested.
• Ex. Stalin wasnt in St. Petersburg for the
  start of the October Revolution(true by the way)?
• OFF TO THE GULAG
• 10 15 years.

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• Communists dont like religion
• Opiate of the masses
• Russian Orthodox church pegged as the bad guy.
• Stalin especially hated churches many torn down
  during is regime

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Stalin and the Economy

• Stalin saw that Russia was behind the rest of the
  world
• Wanted to catch up quick
• His solution was a COMMAND ECONOMY
• Government makes all of the economic decisions.
• Stalins idea ? Five Year Plans
• Set impossible goals for industrialization
• Two ways to reach the goals
• Dont make as many consumer goods
• Lie about the figures.
• In the end it worked (sort of)
• Production increased but numbers not met

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Stalin and Agriculture

• 1928
• Stalin decides to collectivize farms
• No individual property big government farms
• Ended up having to force people off the land
• Also had to force people on to the land
• Produce more but it is mismanaged from the start
• Widespread famine (food shortage)
• Results in the death of 5 10 million people.

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In-Class Project (3-4 per group)

• Write our leaders myth
• Humble Beginnings, Triumph over Adversity,
  Victory
• Who is the Enemy of the State?
• How is the leader to be celebrated?
• Goals for the communist state (20 Minimum)
• How will it be achieved?
• Flag of the State
• Poster of our leader
• Poster of what the ideal society will look like