Pre-Class

1
Pre-Class

• Answer Questions 4 and 5 from Buddhism handout
• Page 181

2
Pre-Class

• Make 5 comparisons between Hinduism and Buddhism

3
Elements of Hindu thought that became part of
Buddhism 7

• Karma
• Reincarnation
• The idea of salvation- as an end of the cycle of
  reincarnation
• Brahman
• All life is sacred

4
Ways Hinduism and Buddhism are different 8

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Siddhartha Gautama is the founder
• rejects the caste system
• seek nirvana (salvation) on their own without the
  help of priest or Gods

• has no founder
• believes in the caste system
• Seek moksha (salvation) with help of priests and
  deities

5
Buddhism

• Religions of the World Buddhism
• Buddha Documentary Kistler
• Crash Course

6
Buddhism

• reforming of Hinduism
• 4th largest religion
• Asia contains the countries with the largest
  Buddhist population
• East Asia and Southeast Asia 11
• China the most followers 11

7
The Middle Path or Noble Way

• Avoid extremes either an overt pursuit of
  passionate worldly desire or extreme asceticism
• Live a moderate lifestyle characterized by quiet
  contemplation, thoughtful reflection, and
  disciplined self-control 2
• Reduces desire for material goods and other
  worldly attractions
• Eventually results in detachment from the world
  itself

8
Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC?)

• Born in NE India (Nepal).
• Raised in great luxuryto be a king.
• At 29 he rejectedhis luxurious life toseek
  enlightenmentand the source ofsuffering.
• Lived a strict,ascetic life for 6 yrs.
• Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and
  found nirvana.
• Became The Enlightened One, at 35.

9
The Life of Gautama

• Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha, was
  born into the warrior caste . His father ruled
  over a small region of northern India.
• Siddhartha led a pampered life, but the Four
  Passing Sights ( an old man, a diseased man, a
  corpse, and a begger), caught his attention and
  disturbed him.
• Siddhartha discovered the Middle Way, the central
  teaching of Buddhism. This way rejects both
  extremes of sensual indulgence and asceticism.
• He and his followers formed the sangha, or
  Buddhist community.

10
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA

• the founder of Buddhism.
• A reformer who tried to limit the Hindu priests
  power.
• Set out to find the cause of human suffering
• Became the Buddha

11
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA

• While meditating under a Bodhi Tree - he achieved
  enlightenment
• Enlightenment
• the state attained when Buddha realized the cause
  of suffering.
• Enlightenment
• understanding the true nature of things.
• Reach the state of enlightenment by meditation.
• Meditation
• essential part of the Buddhist practice
• aim to move closer to enlightenment
• Contemplation focus your mind
• Now known as the Buddha- Enlightened One

12
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA

• Now known as the Buddha -
• Enlightened One

13
Mudra Website
14
Siddhartha Gautama

• About 534 B. C., Gautama left his family to take
  up the existence of a holy man
• Intense meditation and extreme asceticism did not
  enlighten him sufficiently
• One day he resolved to sit under a large bodhi
  tree until he understood the problem of suffering
• For 49 days he withstood various temptations and
  threats from demons and finally received
  enlightenment
• Thus Gautama became the Buddha the enlightened
  one

The Buddha by Odilon Redon
15

• The Mahabodhi Temple
• "Great Awakening Temple
• Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, India
• the location where Siddhartha Gautama, the
  Buddha, is said to have attained enlightenment.

16

• Buddha
• under
• Bodhi
• Tree,
• Sri
• Lanka

17
(No Transcript)
18
The essence of Buddhism

• The middle way of wisdom and compassion.
• 2,500 year old tradition.
• The 3 Jewels of Buddhism
• Buddha, the teacher.
• Dharma or Dhamma, the teachings.
• Sangha, the community.

19
BASIC BELIEFS 2

• All life is sacred.
• Reject extremes The Middle Way
• Try to end suffering
• Suffering is universal - All is suffering
• Karma
• Reincarnation
• Brahman

20
Dharma

• Taken together, the teachings of the Four Noble
  Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path constitute
  dharma, the basic doctrine shared by all
  Buddhists

6th Century Buddha sitting on a lotus blossom
which symbolizes purity and strength because it
is able to thrive and grow even in murky water
21
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

• FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS- The major principles of
  Buddhism that explain the nature of suffering and
  how to end it.
• Suffering is universal.
• The cause of suffering is desire (self-centered
  actions) 3.
• To end suffering is to end desire.
• If you give up desire, you achieve nirvana- the
  condition of wanting nothing,
• the goal of Buddhist. Reaching nirvana ends the
  cycle of reincarnation.
• To end desire- follow the Noble Eightfold Path.

22
What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?
Desire!

• Therefore, extinguish the self, dont obsess
  about oneself.

23
Nirvana

• Living this lifestyle will lead to personal
  salvation escape from the cycle of incarnation
  and the attainment of nirvana
• Nirvana is the state of perfect spiritual
  independence
• Highest Happiness

The Wheel of Dharma symbolizes samsara, the
continuous cycle of birth, life, and death. One
is liberated from this endless cycle of rebirth
when nirvana is achieved.
24
NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH-

• A practical guide to right conduct according to
  Buddhist teachings.
• What you Should Do.
• Understanding the cause of suffering.
• Compassion fundamental teaching
• Kindness and truthfulness.

25
(No Transcript)
26
Eightfold Path
Nirvana

• Escape from the cycle of rebirth.

Hip Hop Monks
27
Sacred Scriptures

• These were eventually written down in
• Three Baskets of Wisdom or
• Tripitaka - Sanskrit word
• traditional term used to describe various
  scriptures
• May have originally referred to three receptacles
  containing the scrolls on which the Buddhist
  scriptures were originally preserved.

28
ASPECTS OF BUDDHISM

• 9
• Buddhism rejected the caste system so it found
  many followers among the Sudras and untouchables.
  9

29
Two main sects of Buddhism

• 4 Theravada Buddhism- Views Buddha as a teacher,
  not a God.
• The Way of the Elders.
• Living like a monk.
• Sangha
• Orthodox Buddhism-oldest, very strict
  interpretation (to preserve the original message
  of Buddha).
• Practiced in Southeast Asia. 11

30
Theravada Buddhism
31
Two main sects of Buddhism

• 5 Mahayana Buddhism
• Means Large or Great Vehicle.
• Can Worships Buddha and other enlightened one as
  Gods limited impact on humans
• More liberal Buddhism- Broader interpretation of
  Buddhism.
• Contains several schools of Buddhism

32
Mahayana Buddhism

• Contains several schools of Buddhism
• Zen- closeness to nature, meditate on sayings,
  found in Japan and China.
• Tibetan- combination of traditional nature
  worship and Buddhist magic.
• DALAI LAMA-
• Traditional political and religious leader of
  Tibet.
• Highest priest of Tibetan Buddhism.

33
Mahayana Buddhism

• The Great Vehicle.
• Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan).
• Buddhism for the masses.
• Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings.
• Goal Not just individual escape from the wheel,
  but the salvation of all humanity through
  self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.

34

• The celestial Buddha named Hotei or Pu-Tai is
  best known as the jolly Laughing Buddha. In
  China, he is known as the Loving or Friendly One.
  He is based on an eccentric Chinese Ch'an (Zen)
  monk who lived over 1,000 years ago and has
  become a significant part of Buddhist and Shinto
  culture. Because of this monk's benevolent
  nature, he came to be regarded as an incarnation
  of the bodhisattva who will be Maitreya (the
  Future Buddha). His large protruding stomach and
  jolly smile have given him the common designation
  "Laughing Buddha." Video

35
Mahayana Buddhism
36
Schools of Buddhism - Tibetan

• Vajrayana the Diamond Vehicle
• Developed 7th century C.E.
• A mix of Theravada Mahayana
• Rituals (Tantra)
• Mantras (chanting)
• Mandalas Thankas (symbolic images)
• Mudras (hand gestures)
• Bodhisattvas, including living Lamas (Dalai Lama)
• Meditation, monasticism, wisdom compassion
• Bardo Thodol -Tibetan Book of the Dead

37
The DalaiLama

• Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel
  Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso 14th Dalai
  Lama
• Video - Happiness, Compassion and Mosquitos 200
  start at 20

38
Choosing a Dalia Lama

• Senior Buddhist monks and Tibetan government
  officials begin a search for the reincarnation of
  the Dalai Lama after the death of the previous
  Lama. These searchers look for a boy who was born
  around the same time as the death of the previous
  Lama. According to the British Broadcasting
  Corp., the officials can decide where to look for
  the reincarnation in several ways by way of a
  dream by watching the direction the smoke drifts
  after the cremation of the previous Lama and then
  searching accordingly or from some sign or
  vision from a holy lake in central Tibet.
• Once found, the officials present the boy with
  possessions of the previous Dalai Lama to
  determine whether the boy is familiar with them.
  If the child chooses the artifacts that belonged
  to he previous Lama, than that, along with the
  other signs, is believed to prove he is a
  reincarnation.

39
Zen Buddhism

• The Meditation School.
• Seeks sudden enlightenment satori through
  meditation, arriving at emptiness sunyata.
• Use of meditation masters Roshi.
• Beauty, art, and aesthetics
• Gardens.
• Archery.
• Tea ceremony.
• Calligraphy.

40
Schools of Buddhism Zen

• The meditation school
• Lay and monastic
• Seeks sudden enlightenment (satori) through
  meditation, arriving at emptiness (sunyata) and
  the Buddha Nature
• Use of meditation masters (Roshi)
• Koans (paradoxical riddles to confound reason)
• Beauty, arts aesthetics gardens, archery, the
  tea ceremony, calligraphy, etc.

41
Kyoto's Ryoan-ji is the world's most famous Zen
garden
42
What do all sects of Buddhism share? 6

• All sects of Buddhism share a faith in Buddha and
  hope for nirvana.

43
Main Buddhist Festival

• Vesak or Buddha Day
• commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death
  of the Buddha

44
The Spread of Buddhism

• Within two centuries after the Buddha died,
  Buddhism began to spread north and east into Asia
• By 13th century Buddhism had disappeared from
  India

45
Stupa sacred mound/temple/shrine

• The Tibetan word is Chorten, which means "the
  basis of offering".
• It is a symbol of enlightened mind, (the awakened
  mind, universal divinity) and the path to its
  realization.
• The stupa represents the Buddha's body, his
  speech and his mind, but most especially his mind
  and every part shows the path to Enlightenment
• Every stupa contains at the very least a life
  tree and holy relics"When a great teacher
  passes away, his body is no more, but to indicate
  that his mind is dwelling forever in an
  unchanging way in the dharmakaya, one will erect
  a stupa as a symbol of the mind of the buddhas"

46

• Boudhanath Stupa (or Bodnath Stupa) is the
  largest stupa in Nepal and the holiest Tibetan
  Buddhist temple outside Tibet. It is the center
  of Tibetan culture in Kathmandu and rich in
  Buddhist symbolism. The stupa is located in the
  town of Boudha, on the eastern outskirts of
  Kathmandu.

47
Elements of Hindu thought that became part of
Buddhism 7

• Karma
• Reincarnation
• The idea of salvation- as an end of the cycle of
  reincarnation
• Brahman
• All life is sacred

48
Ways Hinduism and Buddhism are different 8

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Siddhartha Gautama is the founder
• rejects the caste system
• seek nirvana (salvation) on their own without the
  help of priest or Gods

• has no founder
• believes in the caste system
• Seek moksha (salvation) with help of priests and
  deities

49
Cause of Decline in India 10

• Much was absorbed by Hinduism
• Muslim Invaders
• Today small population of Buddhists in India

50
Video 153
51
OTHER RELIGIONS

• Jainism
• Comes from Buddhism.
• Leader- Mahavira
• Focuses on Ahimsa- strictly adheres to
  nonviolence.
• Sikhism- is a religion that is a combination of
  Islam and Hinduism.
• Monotheistic- One god, but all else like
  Hinduism.
• This new religion emerged and is an example of
  cultural blending under the Mughals/Muslims

52
Jain

• Religion from Ancient India
• Similar beliefs to Hinduism Buddhism
• Nonviolent
• Vegetarian

For 3,000 years, the swastika meant life and good
luck.
53
Religions of South Asia
54
Buddhism in the Subcontinent
55
Buddhism

• Crash Course 1217