Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead).

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Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7
characteristics of life(living and dead).
Dead organism once had the 7 characteristics
of life but now doesnt. It is Considered to be
LIVING!!!!
Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7
characteristics.
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How would you know if this is living?
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Yeast

• The tiny, rounded, colorless one-celled fungus
  called yeast floats through the air everywhere,
  but it is responsible for making all our cakes
  and breads rise to a nice, fluffy texture. This
  happens because yeast creates chemical reactions
  on the starch and sugar in the cake or bread
  batter. Heres how it works.
• Yeast cells reproduce very rapidly no matter
  where they are. This reproduction goes on through
  a process called budding. In budding, each tiny
  cell swells, and soon the swollen part separates
  from the main cell. The new tiny cell then goes
  on to grow to full size on its own and the
  budding process continues to repeat itself.

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• During this growth process, the yeast cells
  produce substances called enzymes. So when the
  yeast is added to cake or bread dough, one enzyme
  goes to work on the flour, changing the starch in
  it into sugar.
• Another enzyme then takes over and changes the
  sugar into alcohol and a gas called carbon
  dioxide. This gas spreads through the dough in
  the form of bubbles.
• As the dough bakes into bread and cake, the heat
  causes the alcohol to evaporate and the bubbles
  to break. This leaves the tiny air pockets in the
  final bread or cake, making it light and fluffy.

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Yeast and Fungus kingdom

• Not Plants produce enzymes that digest their
  food outside their bodies.
• Some are parasites/
• Cell walls contain chitin
• Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic with cells
  walls that contains chitin.

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Fungi Structure

• 2 basic structures
• Yeast singled celled
• Mushroom multi - celled that grow much larger
  with hyphae

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Reproduction of Fungus

• Fungus can reproduce sexual and asexual
• Spores(asexual) Spores are just reproductive
  cells.
• Sexual Sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.

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Roles in Ecosystem

1. Decomposer break down plant material.
2. Parasite Infect plants and animals(ringworm).
3. Animal disease
4. Lichens Mutualistic relationship between a
   photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes
   the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients
   in the environment and they share.

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HYDRA!!
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Daphnia Hydra Food
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ABIOTIC FACTORS

• Water
• Rocks
• Air
• Disease
• Fire
• Natural Disasters

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BIOTIC FACTORS

• TREES
• GRASS
• PREDATORS
• HUMANS

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Characteristics of Life!!!!!!
Cells, reproduction, adaptations, DNA, responds
to a stimulus, grow and development, and energy
Bacteria ReproductionVideo
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ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS or ORGANIZED
CELLS
UNICELLULAR(single)
MULITCELLULAR
Unicellular organisms makeup most of all
organisms on Earths.
Many cells
They have everything they need to be
self-sufficient.
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Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic Nucleus all other kingdoms!!!!
• Prokaryotic No nucleus all bacteria

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Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
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Unicellular one celled
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Multi-cellular
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In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize
to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin
cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells).
Smooth muscle
Nerve cell
Leaf cell
Red Blood Cell
Yeast cell
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ALL LIVING THINGS MAKE AND USE ENERGY
The SUN is the main source of energy!!!
The Sun makes light that is used by
plants!!!!!! What is the name of this process?
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Plants(producers) trap the energy of the Sun and
make glucose(sugar) in the process called
photosynthesis).
Consumers(animals) get their energy from the
plants!!!!
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Autotrophs(producers) use the Suns energy to
make glucose!! Produce their own food!
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Photosynthesis process where plants convert
Suns energy and carbon dioxide into glucose
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Heterotrophs(consumers) must consumer food for
energy!
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ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI
Living things respond to immediate and long-term
changes in their environment(shiver when cold,
change fur color, bend toward light).
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Stimulus something in organisms environment
that causes a response
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Homeostasis

• Constant internal and external physical and
  chemical conditions that organisms must maintain.
  Everything is happy!! Goldilocks Just Right!!!

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ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE

• Reproduction must occur for a species to survive.

Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.
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Asexual Reproduction NO joining of sperm and
egg!!!!
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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
5 Types of Reproduction
1. Budding Hydra and Sponge
2. Fragmentation - Starfish

• Binary Fission unicellular organisms
• Vegatative Propagation- runners on
• strawberry plants.
• 5. Spores mushrooms(reproductive cells)

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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Sexual reproduction combination of sperm and egg
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ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP
To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger
more cells must be added.
To increase numbers of cells, cell division must
occur.
Develop means to change into an adult(mature).
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Growth Organism get larger by adding cells and
cellular material
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Development - mature
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ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR
ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT)
Organisms must adapt to their changing
environment or become extinct.
Adaptations occur over a very long period of
time(millions of years).
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Adaptation Inherited trait that is passed from
parent to offspring that helps an organism
survive in its environment
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Name some the adaptations of these organisms.
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ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA.
DNA provides instructions for making molecules
called proteins. Proteins build cells.
DNA carries the genetic material from parent to
offspring(heredity).
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DNA molecule that stores genetic information
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LETS PRACTICE!!!
Which characteristics of life is being described?
Reproduction
Cells
Adaptation
Grow and develop
Responses
Energy