CHAPTER 17.1 NOTES

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CHAPTER 17.1 NOTES CLASSIFICATION P. 443-463
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I. What is classification?

• ___Classification______ - the grouping of objects
  or information based on similarities.
• ___Taxonomy______ the branch of biology that
  groups and names organisms based on studies of
  their different characteristics.

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II. Why do scientists classify?

• To better understand and study the enormous
  variety of living things.

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III. How does the classification system work?

• Based on a system developed by Carolus
  ___Linnaeus___
• He established a system of groups called
  ___Taxa_____. (plural taxons)
• He ranked taxa from the ____largest_____, most
  general groups to the ____smallest______, most
  specific groups.

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A. THE LEVELS ARE

• Most__ General ? KINGDOM
• PHYLUM
• CLASS
• ORDER
• FAMILY
• GENUS
• Most___ Specific ? SPECIES

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K P C O F G S

• King Kingdom
• Phillip Phylum
• Came Class
• Over Order
• For Family
• Green Genus
• Soup Species

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• At each level, organisms that share the most
  characteristics are grouped.
• _____Species_____ is the most specific. (members
  of the same species can produce offspring)
• _____Kingdom_____ is the most general.
• Note The Plant Kingdom Is Divided
  Into__Division___
• Rather Than Phyla.

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B. NAMING AN ORGANISM

• Crawdad, Crayfish, Mudbug ? What Is The
  Difference?
• Linnaeus proposed a system of naming using 2
  names this system is called____binomial
  nomenclature_______.
• Linnaeus used _____Latin_______words to describe
  names of organisms.

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The 2 names for each organism are

• ___Genus_____ - always first and capitalized
  can be abbreviated to 1 letter.
• ___Species_____ - second and lowercase
• both are underlined or italicized.
• Example Homo sapiens, Canis familiaris or
  Streptococcus pneumonia

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___Dichotomous Key____ - a tool used for
identifying organisms.

• Lists specific observable traits of many
  organisms.
• For each trait, the key lists two contrasting
  options.
• By picking the options that match an organisms
  features, you can identify the organism.

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IV. How are evolutionary relationships
determined?

• ____Classification________ provides a framework
  in which to study the relationships among living
  and extinct species.
• Organisms are put into ____groups____ based on
  similarities of structure, behavior, chromosomes,
  biochemistry, geographical distribution

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1. Phylogeny the evolutionary history of a
species.
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• How does the fanlike diagram differ from a
  cladogram?
• To which group are sea stars more closely
  related, arthropods or jellyfishes?
• Which group of
• animals includes
• the fewest species?

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2. ____Cladogram_____ as organisms evolve from
a common ancestor they retain certain
characteristics.
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1.What five probable ancestors of the modern bird
(robin) are shown on the cladogram?2.Which
dinosaur is probably the most recent common
ancestor of Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx?3.Whi
ch traits shown on the cladogram are shared by
Archaeopteryx and modern birds?
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Works Cited

• The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus
  (1707-1778).. IRC. 2005. unitedstreaming. 24
  January 2006 lthttp//www.unitedstreaming.com/gt