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The Twenties

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Social and Cultural Tensions of the 1920 s Traditionalism vs. Modernism More people lived in urban areas ... first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Twenties


1
The Twenties
Henry Ford carmaker who introduced series of
methods and ideas that revolutionized production,
wages, working conditions, and daily life. mass
production the rapid manufacture of large
numbers of identical products. Model T
introduced in 1908 and was a reliable car that
the average American could afford (850.00).
2
  • Scientific Management a way of improving
    efficiency.
  • Assembly Lines before the assembly line it took
    over 12 hours to build a Model T, after it could
    be built in 90 minutes.
  • Henry Fords Innovations
  • Raised Wages (2.35 to 5.00 a day)
  • Reduced Workday (9 to 8 hours a day)
  • Weekend Off (Saturday Sunday)

3
  • Automotive Industry Stimulates Growth
  • Steel (1/7th went for cars)
  • Glass
  • Rubber
  • Asphalt
  • Wood
  • Gasoline (oil discoveries)
  • Insurance
  • Road construction
  • Service Stations
  • Motels
  • Diners

4
Consumer Revolution this is when a flood of
new, affordable goods become available to the
public. Ex. Electric washing machines, vacuum
cleaners, irons, refrigerators, and radio. These
items and many others were being promoted through
modern advertising. Installment Plan let
people buy goods over an extended period of time.

5
Bull Market a period of rising stock prices.
(Bear Market is the opposite) Buying on Margin
a form of buying on credit. A buyer would put
down as little as 10. If the price fell, the
buyer still had to pay full price.
6
Business of Government
7
  • Return too Normalcy
  • His policies favored big business
  • Andrew Mellon a wealthy banker who became
    Secretary of Treasure under Harding.
  • Reduced spending and showed a surplus in our
    budget.
  • Raised protective tariffs.
  • Reduced government regulations on businesses.
  • Ohio Gang

Warren Harding
8
  • Teapot Dome Scandal
  • Secretary of Interior Albert Fall arranged to
    transfer oil reserves in California to Teapot
    Dome, Wyoming, from the Navy Department to the
    Interior Department. Hall leased the property to
    private oilman in return for loans which were
    actually bribes. Harding died of a heart attack
    on 8/2/1923.

9
  • Vice President Calvin Coolidge took over after
    Hardings death.
  • His personality was the opposite of Harding, he
    was quiet, honest, and frugal. He was known as
    Silent Cal.
  • He put his trust in big business, but there was
    no place for dishonesty in his administration.

10
  • United States becomes more involved in world
    affairs
  • Washington Navel Disarmament Conference
    diplomats gathered in Washington, D.C., in an
    attempt to slow down the navel arms race.
  • Kellogg-Briand Pact a treaty to outlaw war,
    unenforceable
  • Dawes Plan arranged U.S. loans to Germany so
    they could pay back England and France.

11
Social and Cultural Tensions of the 1920s
12
  • Traditionalism vs. Modernism
  • More people lived in urban areas than in rural
    regions. The two clashed over social and
    cultural issues.
  • Modernism a trend that emphasized science and
    secular values over traditional ideas about
    religion.
  • Education became more important. Unskilled labor
    vs. skilled labor.

13
  • Religious Fundamentalism
  • Fundamentalism emphasized Protestant teachings
    and the belief that every word in the Bible was
    literal truth.
  • Scopes Trial John Scopes a high school biology
    teacher in Tennessee taught Charles Darwins
    Theory of Evolution. Clarence Darrow defended him
    and William Jennings Bryan was brought in to be
    the special prosecutor. Scopes was found guilty.

Reverend Billy Sunday
14
Restricting Immigration Quota System
arrangement that limited the number of immigrants
who could enter the United States from specific
countries. The quota system did not apply to
Mexico.
15
  • Ku Klux Klan
  • Hatred of African Americans continued, but the
    Klan also began to target Jews, Catholics, and
    immigrants. At its height the Klan had 4 to 5
    million members.
  • The Klan itself was corrupt. The leaders bribed
    politicians, stole from its members dues, and
    lied to its members.

16
  • Prohibition and Crime
  • Prohibition the banning of alcohol.
  • 18th Amendment (1919) forbade the manufacture,
    distribution, and sale of alcohol anywhere in the
    United States.
  • Volstead Act a law that officially enforced the
    amendment
  • Speakeasies places where individuals went to
    purchase and consume alcohol. They were hidden
    and were named this because people spoke quietly
    or easily.

17
  • Bootleggers They were people who would carry
    liquor in their boots and sold this illegal
    alcohol to consumers. They smuggled it in from
    Canada, Cuba, and the West Indies.
  • Al Capone most famous gangster of the time.
    His businesses included prostitution, drugs,
    robbery, and murder. The federal government
    final put him in prison (Alcatraz), but for tax
    evasion.
  • Al Capone
  • 21st Amendment (1933) repealed prohibition.

18
Mass Culture
19
Entertainment
  • The 1920s included the new medium of radio.
    Silent movies were perfect for the immigrants who
    did not speak English but by the end of the
    decade they were replaced with talkies.
  • 1st stars were Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph
    Valentino, and William S. Hart.
  • The Jazz Singer was the first movie with sound
    synchronize to the action.

20
Radio invented in the 1890s by Italian
Guglielmo Marconi. Americans listened to music,
educational lectures, religious sermons, sports,
news and weather reports. Plus advertisements!
Phonograph this allowed people to listen to the
same music they heard on the radio.
21
  • Age of Heroes
  • Baseball Babe Ruth
  • Football Red Grange
  • Boxing Jack Dempsey
  • Golf Bobby Jones
  • Tennis Bill Tilden and Helen Willis
  • Swimming Gertrude Ederle, 1st women to swim
    English Channel.

Babe Ruth
22
Charles Lindbergh in 1927 he was the first to
fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean from Long
Island, New York to Paris, France in the Spirit
of St. Louis. Lucky Lindy became a new type of
hero daredevil
23
Women Assume New Roles Firsts for American
Women in the 1920s state
judge(1920), automotive engineer(1920),
U.S. Senator(1922), governor(1924),
director of talking movie(1927), and federal
pilots license(1927).
24
Lost Generation -American writers of the 1920s
were referred to this because they no longer had
faith in the cultural guideposts of the Victorian
Age.
Sinclair Lewis first American to win the Nobel
Prize in Literature (Babbitt). F. Scott
Fitzgerald coined the phrase Jazz Age and
wrote The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway
wounded in WWI and wrote books that criticized
the glorification of war.
25
The Harlem Renaissance a flowering of
African-American artistic creativity during the
1920s, centered in the Harlem community of New
York City.
26
African-American ideas, politics, art,
literature, and music flourished in Harlem and
elsewhere in the United States. The Great
Migration happened when hundreds of thousand of
African-Americans moved from the rural South to
the big cities of the North.
27
Marcus Garvey believed that African-Americans
should build a separate society. James Weldon
Johnson NAACP executive secretary, fought for
legislation to protect African-American rights,
like anti-lynching laws. Zora Neale Hurston
she worked her way to the top of African-American
literacy society. Langston Hughes - best known
poet of the day.
Marcus Garvey
28
Jazz a musical form based on improvisation.
Paul Robeson - son of a slave, became a major
dramatic actor. Louis Armstrong a trumpet
player who became a famous jazz musician
Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington a jazz pianist
and composer, played at the famous Cotton Club,
located in Harlem. Cab Calloway popularized
scat or improvised singing using sounds instead
of words. Bessie Smith outstanding female blues
singer of the time.
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