Linux ??????? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Linux ???????

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Linux VBird 2003/03/21 Linux Linux Linux Shell ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Linux ???????


1
Linux ???????
  • VBird
  • 2003/03/21

2
????
  • Linux ?????????
  • Linux ???????
  • Linux ???Shell ???????
  • Linux ????
  • Linux ??????
  • Linux ??????(LILO, Grub)
  • Linux ?????????
  • Linux ?????
  • Linux ???????

3
Linux ?????????
  • ????

4
Linux ?????????
  • Linux ?? (Kernel) ??(Packages)
  • ?????????(????)
  • ???????,????????
  • ?? distributions ??? www.kernel.org ??? kernel,
  • ????????(??????)
  • packages ????????

5
Linux ?????????
  • Shell ???
  • ???? (X-Window System)
  • KDE, GNOME..
  • ????????????
  • ???? (BASH Shell)
  • ????????????
  • ??????,?????,???????

6
Linux ?????????
  • ???????
  • ???? Linux ??
  • ?? X-Window ?????
  • ??????!
  • ??????????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????,??????????
  • ???????????!

7
Linux ??????
  • ?????X86 ??
  • CPU ???
  • ????? I/O ??
  • ????? IRQ ??
  • IDE ?????
  • ?????? RAM
  • USB ??

8
Linux ??????
  • ?????
  • ????????,??????
  • ??????????(??)????
  • ??????????????????--??????????!_

9
Linux ??????
  • ?????????
  • MBR?
  • Partition table ?
  • Primary, Extended, Logical ?
  • /dev/hda1, /dev/hda5

10
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ?????
  • ls /home
  • ls -l /home
  • ls -al /home
  • ls --help
  • ls -al / /home /var /etc \
  • gt /tmp /usr .

11
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ?????
  • ?????? Enter ??????????,???? \ ????
  • ???????(Options)?????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????????????

12
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ?????
  • ????,?????????
  • HOME ???
  • MAIL ? mail ???? mailbox
  • PS1 ?????!
  • PATH ????????
  • ? ????????????

13
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ?????
  • ???????? scripts
  • ???????????
  • ????????.
  • Shell scripts ???????(???)

14
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ??????--??????
  • ??????,?????????????????????
  • ls /home /vbird gtgt right 2gtgt error
  • ???????????!?????????????(syslogd)

15
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ??????--???? pipe
  • ????????????

16
Linux ???
  • Shell
  • ??????--???? pipe
  • last grep root wc -l
  • cat /etc/passwd cut -d -f1 gt accout
  • ??????????????,????????????!

17
Linux ???
  • ????? vi
  • ??????????????
  • vi ???
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????????????

18
Linux ???
  • ???? man page
  • ???????????
  • man command
  • man 5 configuration
  • info command (?? GNU ?????)
  • /etc/man.conf (????????)
  • whatis filename

19
Linux ???????
  • Linux ??? ID ??UID, GID
  • ????owner, group, others
  • ? Linux ?????????!
  • /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
  • ???????

20
Linux ???????
  • Linux ??? ID ??UID, GID
  • ?? UID 0(root), 165534(????)
  • ????owner, group, others
  • ? Linux ?????????!
  • /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
  • ???????

21
Linux ???????
  • ?????
  • id
  • finger
  • groups
  • ????
  • su
  • sudo

22
Linux ??????
  • ???? file type
  • regular files data, ascii, binary programs..
  • Directory
  • device files Block, Character
  • ??????filesystem type
  • ext2, ext3, reiserfs
  • vfat, ntfs..

23
Linux ??????
  • ????

24
Linux ??????
  • ????

25
Linux ??????
  • ???????????
  • ls, pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdir
  • cp, mv, rm,
  • cat, nl, head, tail, less, more,
  • file, diff

26
Linux ??????
  • ???????
  • chown, chgrp, chmod
  • chmod 777 bar

27
Linux ??????
  • ?????
  • which command (? PATH ??)
  • whereis filename
  • locate filename
  • find path type arguments

28
Linux ??????
  • SetUID, SetGID, Sticky bite
  • ?????? binary program ???,??? binary program
    owner ???,?? SUID?
  • ??????? sticky bite ?,??????????????? root ?????

29
Linux ??????
  • ???
  • hard link
  • ??? filesystems, ???? directory
  • ??? link ? 0 ?,???????
  • Symbolic link
  • ???????!

30
Linux ??????
  • ??????????
  • ?? partition ??????? filesystem
  • ?? mount ?????? partition ,
  • ??? mount point ??? (directory)
  • mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/windows
  • mount -t ntfs /dev/hda6 /mnt/winnt
  • mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/linux2

31
Linux ??????
  • ??????????
  • fdisk ???(??? MBR, partition ?????)
  • mke2fs ????
  • fsck ?????
  • /etc/fstab ?????!

32
Linux ??????
  • Loader???????
  • MBR (Master Boot Recorder)
  • Super Block
  • Linux Loader
  • LILO (LInux LOader)
  • Grub

33
Linux ??????
  • BIOS
  • Loader ?? Kernel
  • ?? init ??(/etc/inittab ?? run-level)
  • /etc/rc./ scripts
  • ???????(/etc/modules.conf)
  • ??? run-level ?? scripts
  • /etc/rc.d/rc.local

34
Linux ??????
  • ?????????
  • ?? Loader ??!
  • ???????????
  • /etc/rc.d/rc0-6.d/scripts (Kxx, Syy)
  • /etc/rc.d/rc.local

35
Linux ?????????
  • ??????
  • ???????????,??????? process ID ?????????,?? PID
    ????!
  • ?????,???????????????!???????????????????!

36
Linux ?????????
  • ???????
  • top
  • ps
  • ????????(daemon, ??)
  • ??????
  • ????????????(syslog,cron)
  • ????????????(www, mail..)

37
Linux ?????????
  • ??????????
  • Priority
  • nice value
  • nice ?? PID
  • renice ???? PID

38
Linux ?????????
  • ???????, signal?
  • kill -signal PID
  • -1 ???????
  • -9 ??????????
  • -15 ??????? PID

39
Linux ?????????
  • ???????syslog
  • ????????????????????????? syslog ???? (daemon)
    ???
  • /etc/syslog.conf
  • /var/log/messages
  • /var/log/secure ...

40
Linux ?????????
  • ??????????
  • ? ctrl z
  • jobs
  • fg, bg, kill number
  • ??????????????!

41
Linux ?????????
  • ????
  • ???????
  • crontab
  • /etc/crontab
  • ??????
  • at

42
Linux ?????
  • RPM
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????
  • ????????????(???????????)

43
Linux ?????
  • Tarball
  • ???? (open source)
  • ???? tarball ??????
  • ?????????make, kernel source, gcc ??
  • ????????????

44
Linux ?????
  • ??????????????????,???????????????????,???????????
    ??!

45
Linux ???????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????? man ???????????
  • ????? (logfile) ?????
  • ???????????????????????!

46
?????
  • ??????? package manager
  • ????????!
  • ?????? vi ? _
  • ????? Linux ?????
  • ????? User, Group, Others,?? Process ?????!

47
?????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????!
  • ?????!
  • ????????????
  • ?? cron ???
  • ???? BASH ??? scripts ???

48
?????
  • ?????????????????!
  • ????????????????!
  • ???????????????????!
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