China in Revolution from 1911 to 1949

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China in Revolution from 1911 to 1949

• Wanli Hu
• The China Program Center
• UMass Boston

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Contents

1. Sun Yat-sens Nationalist Revolution
2. China in the Civil War of Warlords
3. The New Cultural Movement
4. The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
5. The Northern Expedition and the First United
   Front
6. The Anti-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945 and the
   Second United Front
7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao
8. The Victory of the Communist Party of China in
   1949

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1. Sun Yat-sens Nationalist Revolution
(1911-1924)

• Overthrow Manchurian Rule internally and drive
  imperialist powers externally
• Three Peoples Principles
• Peoples National Consciousness / Nationalism
• Peoples Rights / Democracy
• Peoples Livelihood / Socialism
• Be alliance with the Soviet Union and the Chinese
  Communist Party

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2. The Civil War among Warlords

• Yuan Shikai and his emperor dream
• Northern Factions
• Anhui clique
• Zhili clique
• Fengtian clique
• Southern Factions
• Yunnan clique
• Old Guangxi clique
• Sichuan clique
• Nationalist army
• Minor factions

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3.The New Cultural Movement from 1917 to 1923

• Chinas reaction to the challenges from the West
• Self-strengthen movement from 1861 to 1895
• Political reform and revolution in 1898 1911
• New Cultural movement from 1910s to 1920s
• Welcome Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science - Chen
  Duxiu
• John Dewey vs. Bertrand Russel
• Liberalism vs. Socialism
• Japans Invasion from 1931 to 1945

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4. Birth of the Chinese Communist Party

• World War I
• The Versailles Treaty in 1919
• The May Fourth Movement in 1919
• President Wilsons dilemma
• Lenins promise
• The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921
• GMD (Nationalists) vs. CCP (Communists)
• Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) vs. Mao Zedong
• Pro-American force vs. pro-Russian force

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5. The Northern Expedition and the First United
Front

• The Northern Expedition in 1924
• The First United Front between GMD CCP
• The split between Nationalists and Communists in
  1927
• Communist revolutionary bases
• The Long March
• 1934-1935
• (8,000 miles and 370
• days)

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6. Anti-Japanese War and the Second United Front

• Japan occupied Northeast in 1931
• Japan invaded China in 1937
• The Rape of Nanjing
• Xian Incident
• The Second United Front
• Japan lost in 1945

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7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao

• Patrick Hurleys Mediation from 1944-45
• Gorge Marshalls Mediation from 1945-47
• The Civil War between Chiang and Mao from
  1946-1949
• Competition between Washington and Moscow
• Three military campaigns from 1947-49
• Mao defeated Chiang and established the Peoples
  Republic of China in 1949

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Outline from 1911-1949

1. Sun Yat-sens Nationalist Revolution
2. China in Civil War of Warlords
3. The New Cultural Movement
4. The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
5. The Northern Expedition and the First United
   Front
6. The Anti-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945 and the
   Second United Front
7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao
8. The Victory of the Communist Party of China in
   1949

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Thank you!

• Questions?