Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood

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Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood

• BIOL 103, Chapter 13-2

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Todays Topics

• Adolescence (Part 2)
• Adult/Mature Adult

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Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents

• Fitness and Sports
• Can provide __________ for learning about
  nutrition and improve daily habits
• Acne
• Investigating the connections between diets and
  acne
• Examples
• Eating disorders
• Becomes preoccupied with weight, appearance, and
  eating habits.
• Not just a ____________________

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Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents

• Obesity
• Risk factors
• Physical
• Developing high blood pressure
• Abnormal blood glucose tolerance and type 2
  diabetes
• _______________________________________
• __________________________________________
• Psychological
• ______________________________

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Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents

• Tobacco, alcohol, recreational drug
• Period of experimentation
• Alcohol and drug use may _______________ adequate
  food intake
• Teens who use drugs are usually underweight and
  report __________________
• Marijuana ? ___________________
• Tobacco ? ____________________
• Alcohol ? _____________________

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Staying Young While Growing Older

• Age-related changes
• Weight and body composition
• Add _________ lose _________________
• Overweight/obese ? ____________________
• Underweight ? ______________________________
• Physical activity
• Loss of lean body mass ? reduced muscle and
  skeletal strength
• Regular physical activities reduces
  _______________ and improves __________________

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Staying Young While Growing Older

• Age-related concerns (cont.)
• Immunity
• Decline in _______________ mechanisms around
  40-50 yrs old
• Examples
• Increased risk for urinary tract infections,
  upper respiratory illness (pneumonia, influenza)
• Taste and smell
• Decline in sensitivity ? thus, increases intake
  foods _________________________________
• Better to serve foods with stronger flavors and
  odors over bland food.

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Staying Young While Growing Older

• Age-related concerns (cont.)
• Gastrointestinal changes
• Reduced ________ production ? _____________ and
  food is not well prepared for digestion
• Reduced acid secretion (HCl and pepsin) ? ______
  efficient food digestion and allow the devlopment
  of ____________ ? interfere with _____ absorption
  
• ____________ GI motility ? constipation,
  bloating, sense of fullness

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Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult

• Energy
• Reduced calorie needs
• Decreased lean body mass
• Physical activity increases _________
  requirements while also helping to _________ some
  loss in lean mass.
• Protein
• ________ needs per kg body weight as younger
  adults

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Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult

• Carbohydrate
• 45-65 of calories in diet (high-carb)
• Fiber ? prevents constipation and diverticulosis,
  reduce risk for _____________, promote healthy
  body weight
• Fat
• Maintain a moderate _______________
• Water
• ____________ thirst response ? dehydration
• Fluid recommendations are ______ as younger
  adults

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Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult

• Vitamins of concern
• Vitamin D
• Needed for bone health, calcium balance ? if not,
  osteoporosis
• ________________? reduced skin synthesis and
  activation of vitamin D
• _______________ needs compared to younger adults
• B vitamins
• Reduced ability to absorb ___________
• ____________________ may help reduce heart
  disease risk
• Should consume B12 fortified foods and supplements

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Nutrient Needs for Mature Adults

• Antioxidants
• Found in fruits and vegetables
• Important to _______ oxidative stress and
  ________________ such as cataracts, Alzheimer,
  and macular degeneration.
• May protect against damage to the ______

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Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult

• Minerals of concern
• ______________ Bone health
• Reasons
• Many elders may be __________________
• _____________ ability to absorb calcium (less
  vitamin D receptors in the gut)
• _____________ Immunity and wound healing
• _________________ deficiencies likely
• Avoid excess supplementation (mineral
  competition, interferes with immune system)
• ______________
• Elders may have limited intake

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Figure 13.16 Micronutrients of particular concern
for older people

• As we age, our energy needs decline, but our
  vitamin and mineral needs ________________
• This makes _____________ foods especially
  important for older adults.

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Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

• Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions
• Can affect use of ____________________
• Herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals
  supplementation in high doses should be viewed as
  drugs
• Possible interactions should be identified and
  avoided
• Depression
• Common among institutionalized and low-income
  seniors
• May reduce ________________
• _______________ can interfere with nutrient usage

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Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

• Anorexia of aging
• Loss of appetite with __________
• Can lead to __________________ malnutrition
• Arthritis (pain and swelling in joints)
• May interfere with _____________ and ________
• _________________ may interfere with nutrient
  absorption
• ___________________ and dietary changes may
  improve symptoms

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Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

• Bowel and bladder regulation
• Increased risk of ______________________
• Chronic _____________ more common with age
• Need for increased ____________________________
• Dental health
• Tooth loss, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain
  may interfere with ____________________ or
  _________________

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Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

• Vision Problems
• Can affect ability to shop and cook
• __________ may reduce ___________________
• Anti-oxidants in green leafy vegetables can help
  prevent free radical damage and may protect the
  eye
• Osteoporosis
• Common in elders, especially _______________
• Maintain calcium, vitamin D, and ____________

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Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults

• Alzheimers disease accumulation of plaques in
  certain regions of the brain and degeneration of
  a certain class of neurons
• Affects _______________ to obtain, prepare, and
  consume an optimal diet.
• Reduced ______________________
• Risk for weight loss and malnutrition

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Meal Management for Mature Adults

• Managing independence
• Finding community resources
• Service for elders
• ________________________________
• ________________________________
• ________________________________