Title of this Lecture: America

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Title of this Lecture Americas Mandarin
Does the title make sense?
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Geneva Conference

• Post Dien Bien Phu
• Two Groups wont shake hands
• Decisions
• Ceasefire in Nam
• Temporary split til reunification referendum
• U.S. role at the conference?
• Commies ? North Capitalists ? South
• U.S. begins to support Diem

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Diems Personality
Stranger to Vietnamese
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Examples of Diems personality traits

• The French appointed Diem to be Interior Minister
  under Bao Dai before WWII. Diem quit after three
  months because he saw the government was a puppet
  govt.
• Personality traitsBrave and Nationalist

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• Diem turned down an offer from Ho Chi Minh to
  have a high position in the Vietminh because he
  didnt want to be a communist stooge taking
  orders from Moscow or Beijing
• Personality traits- Anti-communist

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Rigged election

• Named Prime Minister by Bao Dai after the Geneva
  Conference
• Less than two years later he held a referendum to
  remove Bao Dai and not to replace him. With
  American help he rigged the election

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Election dirty tricks

• Diems agents were at the polling places to
  intimidate voters
• The ballots for Diem were red (good luck) and
  those for Bao Dai were green (bad luck)
• Diems agents even threw away ballots for Bao Dai
• Result Diem won by 98.2. In some provinces he
  got
• more votes than there were registered voters.
• Personality Traits- Headstrong

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Growing Hope in the U.S. that Diem may be able to
build a viable state to rival Hos north

• American support for Diem grew. He defeated a
  mafia-like gang that ran a drug and prostitution
  ring in Saigon (Binh Xuyen). The U.S. liked him
  because he was so fiercely anti-communist and he
  was Christian, like many in the U.S.
• The U.S. started to supply him with money. The
  money went directly to Diem, and he used it to
  put the most loyal people into government
  positions.
• Personality trait- Strong and Nepotistic

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NGO DINH DIEM

• Lyndon Johnson once compared Diem to Churchill.
  When later asked if he meant it, he said
• Shit. Diems the only boy we got out there.

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An Important Side Issue Helped Diem and Americans
Be Crafty

• Land Reform

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Land Reform- North v South

• South/ Diems Reform
• Redistribute land to loyalists
• Positive-Manages to get his own friends in charge
  of many villages. Gets land to 10 of the
  peasants
• Negative- Kills or imprisons commies- many
  without trials. Alienates peasants.

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Land Reform- North v South

• Hos Reform
• Redistribute land to peasants
• Positive-Land given to roughly 60 of the
  peasants
• Negative- Those who are non-commies or those who
  resist giving up land are killed. Ho later
  apologizes for this brutal policy. Says it was a
  mistake.

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Reunification Elections are Canceled by Diem
(with U.S. backing)

• U.S. and Diem use Hos violence in the north to
  argue that election wouldnt be free and fair.
  Real reason?
• Ho would probably win.

OOPS!
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End of Part I of lecture
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Here is the main question of the first part of
this lecture. Support or defend one of the
following statements.

• The U.S., as a democratic and free nation, has
  the obligation to defend other nations right to
  free elections, even if we predict that the
  winner of the election will not be in our best
  interests.
• Or
• 2. The U.S. has a right to defend its interests,
  and as a result, has the right to interfere in a
  country whose elections, although free, present a
  threat to our international interests.

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Part II. Diems fall from grace
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Over the Years Diem slowly alienated most major
groups in Southern Vietnam

• Buddhists- persecuted majority under the French
• Persecuted under Diems nepotism
• 1963- protest

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Money Given to Diem by the U.S.(billions) goes
to buy loyalty for an unpopular govt rather than
towards reforms frustration among Americas
government

• Diem feels like he can be the puppet who pulls
  the strings

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-Fighting that lulled afterGeneva starts to
build up inintensity-Understanding Names of
Vietnamese Fighting Forces
NVA, Vietminh, regular army
DMZ
ARVN or Republican Soldiers
NLF, VC, Vietcong, Charlie
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Strategic Hamlet Program

• Diems forces endeavored to remove the "neutral"
  population from guerrilla contact by forcing them
  to live in basically a concentration camp
• "Peasants resented working without pay to dig
  moats, implant bamboo stakes, and erect fences
  against an enemy that did not threaten them but
  directed its sights against government
  officials."

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Diem Play!
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Coup dDiem

• U.S. hints that it would welcome a change in
  leadership
• Did it accept murder or simply replacement?
• Defense of an empty palace
• Diem is murdered in the end
• Who has Diems blood on their hands?

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After-Effects of the Coup dDiem

• Series of coups 7 in the next year after Diem is
  gone
• Carpe Diem

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After-Effects of the Coup dDiem

• Many coups in a row seven in the next year alone
• U.S. has blood on its hands

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Hansen Name _____________Vietnam Quiz to
Follow Starr Reading 38-40 2 pts each
____/10 1. Diems religion ___________2. Group
Diem defeated in street fighting in the southern
capital __________________________a. Vietcong
(VC) c. Vietminh e. NLFb. armed gangsters
(Binh Xuyen) d. Americans3. Diem defeated Bao
Dai in elections that were notable because
____________________a. Diem, the winner, only
received 30 of the vote c. Diems name wasnt
on the ballotb. Diem got an impossibly large
percentage of the votes d. Diem was not a
citizen of Vietnam 4. Diem __________________
(honored/rejected) the Vietnamese maxim that the
power of the emperor stops at the village gate.
5. Diems actions after being elected Prime
Minister best demonstrate the following type of
government (best answer only) a. mandarin (wise
ruler) c. democrat (ruler who follows the will
of the people) b. dictator (ruler by
force) d. theocrat (religious leader)
Hansen Name ____________Vietnam Quiz to
Follow Starr Reading 38-40 2 pts each
____/10 1. Diems religion ___________2. Group
Diem defeated in street fighting in the southern
capital __________________________a. Vietcong
(VC) c. Vietminh e. NLFb. armed gangsters
(Binh Xuyen) d. Americans3. Diem defeated Bao
Dai in elections that were notable because
____________________a. Diem, the winner, only
received 30 of the vote c. Diems name wasnt
on the ballotb. Diem got an impossibly large
percentage of the votes d. Diem was not a
citizen of Vietnam 4. Diem __________________
(honored/rejected) the Vietnamese maxim that the
power of the emperor stops at the village gate.
5. Diems actions after being elected Prime
Minister best demonstrate the following type of
government (best answer only) a. mandarin (wise
ruler) c. democrat (ruler who follows the will
of the people) b. dictator (ruler by
force) d. theocrat (religious leader)
Hansen Name _______________Vietnam Quiz to
Follow Starr Reading 38-40 2 pts each
____/10 1. Diems religion ___________2. Group
Diem defeated in street fighting in the southern
capital __________________________a. Vietcong
(VC) c. Vietminh e. NLFb. armed gangsters
(Binh Xuyen) d. Americans3. Diem defeated Bao
Dai in elections that were notable because
____________________a. Diem, the winner, only
received 30 of the vote c. Diems name wasnt
on the ballotb. Diem got an impossibly large
percentage of the votes d. Diem was not a
citizen of Vietnam 4. Diem __________________
(honored/rejected) the Vietnamese maxim that the
power of the emperor stops at the village gate.
5. Diems actions after being elected Prime
Minister best demonstrate the following type of
government (best answer only) a. mandarin (wise
ruler) c. democrat (ruler who follows the will
of the people) b. dictator (ruler by
force) d. theocrat (religious leader)
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Hansen Name ___________Vietnam Lecture-
Introduction to Ngo Dinh Diem (or)

• Americas Mandarin? _____________________________
  ____ _____________________________________________
  ______
• Post Dien Bien Phu
• Two Groups wont shake hands _____________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  ___
• Decisions
• ___________________in Nam
• Temporary split til _____________________________
  
• U.S. role at the conference? _____________________
  _____________________________ ____________________
  _______________________________
• Commies ? ______
• Capitalists ? _______
• U.S. Begins tosupport ________
• Diems Personality Traits
• ______________________________________
• ______________________________________
• ______________________________________
• ______________________________________
• Examples of Diems Personality Traits
• Bao Dai Example __________________________________
  _ ________________________________________________
  _
• Ho Chi Minh Example ______________________________
  __ _______________________________________________
  ___
• Rigged Election Example __________________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  ____ _____________________________________________
  ____

• Growing Hope in the U.S. that Diem may be able to
  ______________ ___________________________________
  ____________________
• American support for Diem grew. He defeated a
  __________________________________________________
  _______________ (Binh Xuyen).
• The U.S. liked him because he was so fiercely
  ______________ and he was Christian, like many
  in the U.S.
• The U.S. started to supply him with money. The
  money went __________________________________ ,
  and he used it to ________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ________________.
• Personality trait- _________________________
• An Important Side Issue Helped ___________________
  __________ _______________________________________
  ________________
• Land Reform - ____________________________________
  ______
• South/ Diems Reform
• _______________________________________
• Positive-Manages to get his ______________________
  ________ _________________________________________
  ___________. Gets land to ____________ of the
  peasants
• Negative- Kills or imprisons commies. Many are
  killed without _______. __________________________
  ___.
• North/ Hos Reform
• Redistribute land to peasants
• Positive-Land given to roughly ______ of the
  peasants
• Negative- Those who are non-commies or those who
  resist giving up land are ____. Ho later
  _______________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __
• Reunification Elections are Canceled by Diem
  (_______________)
• U.S. and Diem use Hos violence in the north to
  argue that election wouldnt be
  __________________. Real reason?
  __________________________________________________
  ____