How can CPR benefit from XML? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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How can CPR benefit from XML?

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Title: How can CPR benefit from XML?


1
How can CPR benefit from XML?
  • By Patricio Cobar

2
Outline
  • What is CPR?
  • What is XML?
  • Benefits of using XML in CPR systems
  • XML a language we can all understand
  • The document hierarchy
  • Representing the medical record (XML vs.
    databases)
  • XML and the CPR architecture
  • To each his own
  • Supporting industry standards
  • Summary
  • Conclusion

3
What is CPR?
  • Computer-based Patient Record.
  • Electronically maintained information about an
    individual's lifetime of health status and health
    care.
  • CPR systems serve as research facilities in which
    large quantities of health information is made
    available while maintaining the confidentiality
    of patients and providers.
  • Web-based CPR systems use Internet technologies
    to accomplish their goals.

4
What is XML?
  • eXtensible Markup Language.
  • Just like HTM, it is used to define how pages
    appear in web browsers.
  • Unlike HTML, It provides a context for
    information, defines what the piece of
    information actually means.
  • Allows the use of customized tags.
  • Supports infinite levels of hierarchal of
    information.

5
What is XML? (CONTINUED)
  • Context-less
  • ltHTMLgt
  • ltBODYgt
  • ltBgt
  • important piece of information )(
  • lt/Bgt
  • lt/BODYgt
  • lt/HTMLgt
  • Context-sensitive
  • ltXMLgt
  • ltimportant_piece_of_information VALUE )(
    gt
  • lt/important_piece_of_informationgt
  • lt/XMLgt

6
XML a language we can all understand
  • With XML we can explicitly describe the names of
    the pieces of data we are collecting.
  • Easily understood by humans and computers

7
Easily understood XML file
8
The Document Hierarchy
  • XML supports infinite levels of hierarchical
    information within a document (tree-like
    representation).
  • The format of used in medical records is
    source-oriented. Data are grouped according to
    the source that generated the data (also
    tree-like representation).

9
XML vs. Databases
  • Databases do not provide the level of detail that
    XML is able to represent.
  • The relational database model represents data
    using entities and relationships. XML employs a
    document-centric approach.
  • Representing a medical record using a relational
    database is more complicated.
  • Because XML is so widely use, database vendors
    have built XML facilities into their latest
    database products.

10
Sample Medical Record
11
XML and The CPR Architecture
12
To Each His Own
  • CPR systems must be able to produce a different
    screen for every group accessing the medical
    record.
  • eXtensive Style Sheets (XSL) is a feature of XML
    that we can use to produce different outputs
    based on the same data

13
Supporting industry standards
  • Through the use of Document Type Definitions, XML
    can help enforce standards.
  • . By using DTD along with industry standards, we
    can improve the completeness of the medical
    record by providing a clear description of the
    content of the data in the medical record.

14
Summary
  • XML gives you a standard and more legible way to
    represent the medical record than traditional
    databases.
  • XML can help healthcare professionals enforce
    standards and, at the same time, improve the
    completeness of the medical record.
  • Facilitate the exchange of medical records.

15
Conclusion
  • There is already a place for XML in the CPR
    architecture, the integration engine.
  • Sharing this document throughout the enterprise
    or with external systems presents no problem, the
    XML medical record contains a standard structure.

16
References
  • Pothen, Daniel, and Bambang Parmanto. XML
    Furhters CPR Goals. Journal of AHIMA. October
    2000.
  • Available at http//www.ahima.journal.cutting.edg
    e/0010.html 
  • Sokolowsky, Rachel. XML Makes it mark. Journal
    of AHIMA. November 1999.
  • Available at http//www.ahima.journal.cutting.edg
    e/9911.html 
  • Young, Michael. Step by Step XML. Redmon
    WA.Microsoft Press, 2000.
  • Kibbe, David, Bard, Mark R. How Safe Are
    Computerized Patient Records? American Academy
    of Family Physicians.
  • Available at http//www.aafp.org/fpm/970500fm/lea
    d.html
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