Henry VIII and the Church of England

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Henry VIII and the Church of England

• World Studies
• September 29

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Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
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I. The War of the Roses

• The Lancasters (red) and the Yorks (white) had
  been competing for control of England
• Henry VII was a Lancaster who married one York
  and defeated another
• Became king in 1485, but he knew his hold on the
  throne was weak

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The Tudor Rose
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II. An Heir

• In order to keep a strong hold on the throne,
  there needed to be lots of male Tudor heirs
• Henry VII betrothed his oldest son Arthur to
  Catherine of Aragon (from Spain) when he was just
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• Arthur and Catherine married in 1501
• He died less than a year later

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• Henry VII did not want lose his alliance with
  Spain or give back Catherines dowry, so he kept
  her in England
• She was married to Arthurs little brother Henry
  in 1509
• Required special dispensation from the Pope
• Catherine swore her first marriage had not been
  consummated

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• Henry VIII also knew it was very important to
  have male heirs
• Catherine became pregnant many times, but only
  had one child who lived Mary
• Catherine was getting older and Henry feared
  theyd never have a boy
• At the same time he was falling in love with Anne
  Boleyn
• She was young, pretty and manipulative

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III. Defender of the Faith

• Henry VIII was very religious
• When the Reformation began he wrote arguments
  against Luthers beliefs
• Did not support Protestantism
• But also believed that as king he should always
  get his way

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IV. The Annulment

• Henry wanted to annul (cancel) his marriage to
  Catherine so that he could marry Anne
• Argued that they could not have sons because God
  was punishing him
• Not supposed to marry his brothers wife
• Her nephew Charles V pressured the Pope into
  refusing
• Did not want his aunt cast aside

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V. The Divorce

• Henry was furious
• Many of his advisors were secretly Protestant
• Planted the idea that England break from the
  Catholic Church
• Henry could have his divorce and more power
• In 1534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry the head
  of the Church of England

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• Everyone was forced to sign and acknowledge it
• The loyal Catholics who didnt were executed,
  including Henrys close friend Sir Thomas More
• Henry appointed an Archbishop who immediately
  granted him a divorce

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VI. The Church of England

• Henrys break was very different from Luthers
• Didnt have disagreements with the Church or its
  beliefs
• Church practices remained mostly the same
• Did have the Bible in English
• Closed the monasteries
• Said it was because they were immoral, but was
  probably so Henry could take their land and money