ANDREW JACKSON Champion of the Common Man or King Andrew?

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ANDREW JACKSONChampion of the Common Man or
King Andrew?
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Changes in Voting Requirements by 1828 Election
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Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
KING CAUCUS!!
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JACKSON GETS REVENGEElection of 1828

• By the time of this election, the one party of
  Republicans has divided into
• National Republicans
• Democrats/Jacksonians/
• Jacksonian Democrats
• Electoral Vote
• Jackson, 178
• Adams, 83
• Jackson - S W
• Adams - NE

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JACKSON GETS REVENGEElection of 1828

• By the time of this election, the one party of
  Republicans has divided into
• National Republicans
• Democrats/Jacksonians/
• Jacksonian Democrats
• Electoral Vote
• Jackson, 178
• Adams, 83
• Jackson - S W
• Adams - NE

Mudslinging prominent!
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JACKSONIAN APPEAL
Coffin Handbill
Rachel

• War Hero, strong leader, passionate, intensely
  patriotic, average but ideal
• Fascinating personal history
• Rich landowner, slaveowner

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The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST
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The New Jackson Coalition

• The Planter Elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• State Politicians spoils system
• Immigrants in the cities.

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JACKSONS FAITH INTHE COMMON MAN

• Intense distrust of Easternestablishment,
  monopolies, special privilege.
• His heart soul was with theplain folk.
• Belief that the common man was capable of
  uncommon achievements.

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The Reign of King Mob
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President Jackson was known for opening up the
White House to visitors of all classes. His
inauguration party lasted for hours as throngs of
people from packed streets pushed into the White
House. This painting captures the rowdy scene
with its broken furniture and stifling crowd.
King Mob was so dangerous that Jackson had to
be taken out through a window and it took an
entire week to scrub and clean the White House
after the party.
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Increased Democratization

• White male suffrage increased
• Party nominating conventions.
• Spoils system.
• Rise of Third Parties.
• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
  etc.)
• Two-party system returned in the 1832 election
• Dem-Reps ? Natl. Reps.(1828) ? Whigs
  (1832) ? Republicans (1854)
• Democrats (1828)

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Jacksonian Democracy

• Common people have more of a voice candidates
  (Coonskin Congressmen) seek vote of ordinary
  man
• Elected officials expected to be responsive to
  will of their constituents
• SPOILS SYSTEM - a/k/a patronage
• Appointing party supporters to political office
• Rotation in office
• Common man can do any job Jackson distrusts
  experts
• Social political changes that led to the rise
  of Jacksonian democracy
• Disestablishment of churches
• Move to improve knowledge (free school/more
  secondary)
• More newspaper circulation
• Differences between Jacksonian democracy and
  Jeffersonian democracy?

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KING ANDREW
His supporters viewed Jackson as a strong
President who represented the common people.
Critics denounced him as a would-be tyrant.
They called him King Andrew the First.

• Appeared in Whig newspaper
• This visual draws more interest than a printed
  article would
• During his first term
• Main Idea Jackson has unconstitutionally
  expanded the power of the presidency

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King Andrew as President

• Uses veto more than 6 previous Ps COMBINED
• First to use pocket veto
• Relied on Kitchen Cabinet
• Opposed federal aid to local road building
  projects Maysville Road Bill
• In Clays state of KY
• Jeffersonian in his view of a limited national
  government
• Poor administrator penny-pincher

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The Nullification IssueCalhouns Nullification
Theory

• Calhoun claimed that the Union had not been
  formed by the people, but by people representing
  States.
• This meant that a state was sovereign, not the
  national government.
• The states were the units which formed the
  compact (union), thus the states could withdraw
  from that compact (the union) if they so desired.
• Calhoun also said that a state could declare an
  act of the federal government null and void
  within that state's borders.

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The Nullification Issue Webster-Hayne
Debate Prime Reflection of Sectional Conflict
Western Land Policy 9 Day Debate! 1830
Sen. Robert Hayne SC
Sen. Daniel WebsterMA

• Allies with West
• Condemns NE for ?
• Supports?

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Webster Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable. .nothing more
than a rope of sand. Impact of Websters
oratory in the N?
JEFFERSON DAY BANQUET Jackson Our Federal
Unionit must be preserved.
Calhoun The Union, next to our liberty, most
dear.
So is Jackson a nationalist or a states
rightist?
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The Peggy Eaton Affair
Another cause of The split between P Jackson and
VP Calhoun. Calhoun resigns
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THE TARIFF ISSUE

• Tariff of 1824 had raised rates from 23 to 37
• Tariff of 1828 increased some rates to 45
• Protested as the Tariff of Abominations
• SC protest Calhouns SC Exposition and
  Protest
• Theory of nullification reborn
• Protection against the tyranny of the majority
• Tariff of 1832 passed
• SC passes Ordinance of Nullification seems to
  be only solution to solve both protective tariff
  issue impending problem of abolition of slavery
• Jackson issues Proclamation to People of SC
• Defines nullification as treason
• No defiance of federal law will be permitted!
• Threatens force
• Compromise
• Tariff of 1833 gradual tariff reductions
• Force Bill gives P power to use force to stop
  treasonous activities
• SC repeals its Nullification Ordinance BUT then
  goes on nullifies the Force Bill!

Nullie button
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The National Bank Issue
vs.
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle, President of the BUS Brilliant
Manager but...wealthy and arrogant.
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JACKSONS OPPOSITION TO THE B.U.S.

• Unconstitutional he just ignores McCulloch
  decision of Supreme Ct.
• A monopoly on public funds
• Small banks profits were limited
• Favors hard money doesnt trust paper
• Bank favors the rich at the expense of the poor
• Run by private citizen handful of rich men
• Un-American foreign investors owned small
  portion of the bank
• Clay Webster try to use this against him seek
  early renewal of Banks charter in 1832
• Jackson, as predicted, vetoed the rechartering
  bill

Jackson's actions with regard to the Second Bank
of the U. S. resulted in his censure by Congress
for abuse of power. In this cartoon, Henry Clay
is sewing Jackson's mouth shut.
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Democratic cartoon shows Jackson fighting the
monster Bank. "The Bank," Jackson told Van Buren
"is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!"
Jackson destroying the Devils bank
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ELECTION OF 1832

• Clay tries to get Bank rechartered early knowing
  Jackson will veto it - thought Jacksons veto of
  Bank recharter would keep him from getting
  elected
• Backfired Jackson elected by a huge margin (219
  to 49)
• Note national nominating conventions for first
  time in this election
• Sees his huge margin of victory as a mandate from
  the people to kill the Bank
• So. he does
• Had already vetoed the rechartering bill
• Took federal out of the bank and put them into
  his pet state banks
• Disastrous effects
• Paper money scarce specie virtually
  unobtainable
• Specie Circular, 1836
• Buy future federal land only with gold or silver
• Serious panic threatens occurs by 1837 (lasts
  til 43)

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Indian Removal Policies

• Jacksons Goal? View of Americans?
• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Cherokees John Marshall
• How does Marshall rule?
• Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
• Worcester v. GA (1832)
• Jackson John Marshall has made his decision,
  now let him enforce it!

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The Cherokee Nation After 1820
What does Jacksons willingness to allow GA
to ignore Supreme Ct. rulings tell states
rightists?
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THE TRAIL OF TEARS, 1838 1839 Over 4,000 die of
starvation/exposure on 116 day journey
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Indian Removal
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SEMINOLES

• Major exception to Jacksons Indian policies
• Resisted and were mostly successful
• Second Seminole War
• led by Chief Osceola
• Escaped, hid out in the Everglades and adopted
  entire new lifestyle

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Jacksons Professed Love for Native Americans
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Assassination Attempt, 1835

• Jackson is the only President to beat up his own
  would-be assassin!

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JACKSON,1767 - 1845

• Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before
  his death)

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Election of 1836

• Whig Party formed up in opposition to Jackson
• Emerson enterprising, intelligent,
  well-meaning wealthy part of the people
• Bankers, intellectuals, scientific, well-educated
• No single candidate in 1836 - run favorite sons
  (Webster, Harrison)
• Martin Van Buren, D, wins
• 1st P born under U.S. flag

Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
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Van Buren in Office

• Panic of 1837
• Full depression by 1839-1843
• Caused by speculation in western lands, roads,
  canals, RR, slaves
• Also caused by Jacksons Bank War Specie
  Circular
• Hands-off approach hurts him
• Favors states to take on internal improvements
• No real position on tariffs
• Only major achievement Independent Treasury
  Bill passed in 1840
• Divorces govt from banking
• Govt could then keep surpluses rather than
  having to put them in banks as reserves
• Bill gets repealed the next year when the Whigs
  take power

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Election of 1840Log Cabin Campaign

• Van Buren (Van Ruin), D, runs for reelection
• Whigs adopt D strategy of backwoods Westerner and
  run Gen. William Henry Harrison VP John Tyler
  (states rightist)
• TIPPECANOE TYLER TOO!
• Misleading campaign huge voter turnout 234 to
  60 for Whigs
• Harrison shortest P term
• Principle established party in power during bad
  economic times will LOSE next election

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LOG CABIN CAMPAIGN
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Two major changes in American politics
demonstrated in 1840

• Triumph of the populist democratic style
• Common man is now firmly at center stage, not
  aristocracy
• Two party system reigns
• Jacksonian Democrats
• Liberty of the individual / common man
• States rights and federal restraint in social
  and economic issues
• Whigs Clays American System
• Economic expansion renewed National Bank
• Protective tariffs
• Internal Improvements
• Public schools moral reforms (temperance,
  slavery)

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JOHN TYLER

• 10th president
• First VP to succeed to office of the P
• Will NOT be Clay Websters puppet as Harrison
  was supposed to be
• Becomes the P without a party