THE HOLOCAUST

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THE HOLOCAUST
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Nazi round-up of Jews
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Jews awaiting deportation to camps
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Camp prisoners
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Nazi torture of camp prisoners.hanging by the
arms
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Waiting to be shot
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German medical experiments on prisoners
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Remains of prisoners in infirmary
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WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST?

• The Holocaust is generally regarded as the
  systematic slaughter of not only 6 million Jews,
  but also 6 million others, approximately 12
  million individuals by the Nazi regime and its
  collaborators.

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Holocaust

• 6 million Poles, Slavs, and Gypsies were killed
  during the Holocaust.

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WHEN DID IT BEGIN?

• 1939 When Germany invaded Poland the Nazis began
  to enslave the Poles and destroy their culture,
  deemed "subhuman."
• Thousands of Poles and Polish Jews were
  imprisoned in concentration camps.
• As a result of World War II, floods of prisoners
  in larger numbers, deported from German-occupied
  countries swamped the camps.

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THE FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

• Jews from western Europe were sent east to be
  killed.
• Concentration Camps were set up to be killing
  centers at Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno,
  Majdanek, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
• It was official state policy, the first ever to
  advocate the murder of an entire people.

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What happened at the camps?

• Most adults and children were slain upon arrival.
  
• Those who weren't performed forced labor.
• Their identities were ripped from them, their
  hair shorn.
• They became a number, no longer a name, which was
  tattooed on their arm.

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The WORST OF THE WORST

• Auschwitz-Birkenau
• responsible for the largest number of European
  Jews murdered as well as the largest number of
  Gypsies murdered.
• More than 1.25 million people were killed at
  Auschwitz-Birkenau, 9 out of 10 of those were
  Jews

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WHO RAN THESE KILLING CENTERS?

• The SS operated the killing centers, and their
  methods were similar in each location.
• Railroad freight cars and passenger trains would
  bring in victims.
• Men were immediately separated from women.
• They then were forced into the gas chambers,
  disguised as showers.

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HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT HAPPENED?

• Nazis kept a record of all the people where the
  job was "complete.
• Their goal open a "museum" of the dead "race."
• It was this careful record keeping that couldn't
  be covered up in the hurried attempt to hide
  evidence or destroy it as the allies liberate the
  camps.

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Nuremberg Trials

• First War trial in history
• To punish war criminals
• 12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to death for their
  war crimes.
• Former Nazis are found everyday
• Goering, Hess, von Ribbentrop, and Keitel in
  front row

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Nuremburg Trials

• Thousands of other Nazis were found guilty of war
  crimes and were imprisoned, and in some cases,
  executed.
• A war crimes investigation photo of the
  disfigured leg of a survivor from Polish
  political prisoner Helena Hegier who was
  subjected to medical experiments in 1942.

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Prosecution Points Goering was responsibile for
the elimination of Jews from political life and
for the destruction and takeover of Jewish
businesses and property.
In the End Goering committed suicide on the day
before his scheduled hanging by taking a cyanide
pill that was smuggled into his cell.  Goering
wrote in his suicide note, "I would have no
objection to getting shot," but he thought
hanging was inappropriate for a man of his
position.
Goering, Hermann Reichsmarschall and Luftwaffe
(Air Force) Chief
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Prosecution Points Hess was "the engineer tending
to the Party machinery."  He signed decrees
persecuting Jews and was a willing participant in
aggression against Austria, Czechoslovakia, and
Poland.
In the End Hess was sentenced to life in prison. 
He remained--lost in his own mental fog-- in
Spandau prison (for many years as its only
prisoner) until he committed suicide in 1987 at
age 93.
Deputy to the Fuhrer and Nazi Party Leader
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Nuremburg Trials

• The Allies also tried and executed Japanese
  leaders accused of war crimes.
• One of the earlier images of the war to come out
  from China, this photo appeared in LIFE magazine.
  (Nanking, China, 1937)

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Nuremburg Trials

• Hsuchow, China, 1938. A ditch full of the bodies
  of Chinese civilians, killed by Japanese
  soldiers.

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Nuremburg Trials

• Aitape, New Guinea, 1943. An Australian soldier,
  Sgt Leonard Siffleet, about to be beheaded with a
  katana sword. Many Allied prisoners of war were
  summarily executed by Japanese forces during the
  Pacific War.

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Trials Today

• Nazis in our area