The Beginning of Rome

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The Beginning of Rome
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7 Hills of Rome

• The Latins settled in the area of the 7 Hills
  between 1000 BC and 850BC

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The Palatine

• Rome was built on the Palatine Hill between 800BC
  and 700 BC
• The Palatine Hill became a center for trade

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The Etruscans

• Settled near the Latins around 900 BC
• Took control of Rome between 700BC and 600 BC
• Romans adopted Etruscan gods, the Greek alphabet,
  and the toga.
• Etruscan kings ruled Rome and the Latins for over
  100 years

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The Romans and Etruscans

• The Romans adopted many ideas, beliefs and
  customs from the Etruscans including
• Architecture- the arch for building bridges
• Sewers
• Language the Etruscan alphabet
• Gladiator games- Etruscan funeral custom
• Triumph- A parade for a returning hero
• Religion- Polytheism and oracles

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The Beginning of the Republic

• Around 616BC, Lucius Tarquinius was the Etruscan
  king who took control on Rome and the Latins
• Around 509 BC, the Romans defeated the Etruscans
  and took control of their city
• They created a form of government called a
  republic where citizens had the right to vote for
  their leaders
• By 264 BC, the Roman Republic controlled all of
  the Italian peninsula

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The Republic

• Patricians- The rich 10 of the population
• Plebeians- Farmers, Artisans, Merchants and the
  Poor 90 of the population
• Patrician Plebeian men were the citizens of
  Rome
• Citizens had to pay taxes, serve in the military,
  could make legal contracts (for things like
  business), and could marry

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Government of the Republic

• The Senate was the most powerful part of the
  government.
• It made laws
• There were 300 Senators who were all Patrician
  men
• Two Consuls were elected each year by the
  citizens of Rome to lead the government. Their
  main power was to veto a law made by the Senate.
  
• In an emergency, a Dictator was elected to rule
  for 6 months.
• Praetors were elected officials who worked as
  judges.

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The Twelve Tables

• Patricians were the wealthy upper class
• Plebeians were the working lower class
• Plebeians greatly outnumbered the Patricians
• Plebeians were the ones who served in the army
• Plebeians felt the Senate was unfair to them and
  refused to continue to serve in the army until
  changes were made
• Senate created the the Twelve Tables, a list of
  laws that applied to all citizens, Patrician or
  Plebeian
• Copies were posted all over Rome

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One of the 12 Tables