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Title: Tourism Policy and Knowledge Processes in Tourism Development Theoretical reflections and preliminary Results from a Comparative Study of European destinations


1
Tourism Policy and Knowledge Processes in Tourism
DevelopmentTheoretical reflections and
preliminary Results from a Comparative Study of
European destinations
  1. Conceptualising tourism policy Sceptical notes
  2. Re-conceptualising tourism policy
    Institutionalist perspectives
  3. Tourism policy and knowledge dynamics A
    comparative perspective

Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University,
halkier_at_ihis.aau.dk
2
CONCEPTUALISINGTOURISM POLICY
  • Widespread typologies (Fayos-Solá, Hall)
  • generational approach
  • boosterism, economic, community, sustainable
  • multi-dimensional ideal-types
  • A certain unease
  • not with the sources but with application
  • discursive game of labels
  • over-looking variation and contradictions

3
RE-CONCEPTUALISINGTOURISM POLICY
  • Points of departure
  • new institutionalism (North)
  • network theory (Rhodes)
  • discourse analysis (Åkerstrøm Andersen)
  • policy analysis (Hogwood, Hood)
  • Point of reference
  • institutionalist approach to regional policy
  • H Halkier Institutions, Discourse and Regional
    Development, Peter Lang 2006

4
RE-CONCEPTUALISINGTOURISM POLICY
Source Inspired by inter alia Ham Hill,
Jenkins, Sabatier, Parsons, Winter Elaborated
on the basis of Henrik Halkier Institutions,
Discourse and Regional Development, Brussels PIE
Peter Lang, 2006, chapter 3.
5
RE-CONCEPTUALISINGTOURISM POLICY
  • Focus on three central relations
  • the destination and its political, social,
    economic contexts
  • the destination and its destination management
    organisation (DMO)
  • the DMO and it targets among firms, workforce,
    tourists, institutions

6
Tourism policies comparedCASE STUDIES
  • EURODITE contributions 2005-2010
  • network researching regional knowledge dynamics
  • focus on seven selected sectors, including
    tourism
  • sectoral / territorial / firm-level knowledge
    dynamics
  • read more www.eurodite.bham.ac.uk
  • Five case studies in tourism
  • North Jutland, Denmark All-year tourism, museums
  • Ruhr, Germany Industrial heritage, football
  • Antalya, Turkey Coastal tourism, football
  • Achterhoek, Netherlands Rural tourism
  • Skaane, Sweden Film tourism

7
Tourism policies comparedTOURISM CONTEXTS 1
Attraction Attraction
Cultural Natural
Organi-sation Individual Ruhr heritage Skaane film Antalya branding North Jutland museums Achterhoek rural North Jutland DMOs
Organi-sation Collective Antalya football Antalya coastal
8
Tourism policies comparedTOURISM CONTEXTS 2
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
EU average
Turkey
9
Tourism policies comparedTOURISM CONTEXTS 2
Denmark
Turkey
Sweden
Netherlands
Germany
10
Tourism policies comparedSTRATEGIC AIMS
Communication Communication
Continuity Change
Service/ experience Continuity Service strategy Marketing strategy
Service/ experience Change Innovation strategy Branding strategy
Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-
cultural Collective-natural
11
Tourism policies comparedPOLICY TARGETS
Target capabilities Target capabilities Target capabilities
Hardware Software Orgware
Target insti-tutions Individuals
Target insti-tutions Firms
Target insti-tutions System
Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-
cultural Collective-natural
12
Tourism policies comparedPOLICY INSTRUMENTS
Rules / resources Authority Infor-mation Finance Organi-sation
Mandatory
Conditional
Voluntary
Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-
cultural Collective-natural
13
Tourism policies comparedPOLICY GOVERNANCE
Public-private governance Public-private governance Public-private governance Public-private governance
Public governance Government Network Market
European
National
Regional/ local
Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-
cultural Collective-natural
14
Tourism policies comparedKNOWLEDGE IMPACT
Analy-tical Synthetic Symbolic
Exploration
Examination
Exploitation
Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-
cultural Collective-natural
15
Tourism policies comparedCONCLUSIONS
  • Policy patterns in case studies
  • focus on development of new services
  • target critical knowledge resources
  • knowledge-intensive policies
  • synthetic knowledge predominate
  • Scope for policy development
  • creative market intelligence
  • extra-regional sources of knowledge
  • skills development of DMOS and SMEs
  • networking, evaluation .

16
Tourism Policy and Knowledge Processes in Tourism
DevelopmentTheoretical reflections and
preliminary Results from a Comparative Study of
European destinations
  • For draft written paper
  • e-mail
  • halkier_at_ihis.aau.dk

Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University,
halkier_at_ihis.aau.dk
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