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AS Biology Core Principles

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AS Biology Core Principles Lipids Aims Elements of lipids Structure of glycerol & fatty acids Condensation reactions to form triglycerides Phospholipids Introduction ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: AS Biology Core Principles


1
AS Biology Core Principles
  • Lipids

2
Aims
  • Elements of lipids
  • Structure of glycerol fatty acids
  • Condensation reactions to form triglycerides
  • Phospholipids

3
Introduction to lipids
4
Introduction to lipids
  • Lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and
    oxygen.
  • They have numerous functions, primarily energy
    stores in animals and plants.
  • Lipids consist of two types of molecules -
    glycerol fatty acids.

5
Glycerol
  • A molecule of glycerol is made up of three carbon
    atoms.
  • Each of these has a hydroxyl group attached to
    it.
  • Hydrogen atoms occupy the remaining positions.

6
Fatty Acids
7
Fatty Acids
  • A single fatty acid molecule contains an acid
    (COOH) group attached to a hydrocarbon chain.
  • Hydrocarbon usually denoted by the letter R.
  • Saturated If every carbon atom in the chain is
    joined by a single C-C bond.
  • Unsaturated at least one CC bond.
  • Polyunsaturated many double bonds.
  • Most animal fats are saturated while most plant
    fats are unsaturated.

8
Triglycerides
9
Triglycerides
  • A triglyceride molecule is made of a glycerol
    molecule and three fatty acids.
  • The molecules join together through the process
    of condensation losing a molecule of water each
    time a link is made.
  • The link between the glycerol molecule each
    fatty acid is an Ester Link.
  • The fatty acids in a lipid molecule can differ in
    length and can be saturated or unsaturated.

10
Triglycerides
11
Phospholipids
  • In phospholipids one of the fatty acids of a
    triglyceride is substituted by a phosphate group.

12
Phospholipids
13
Phospholipids
14
Lipids water
  • Triglycerides and phospholipids have hydrophobic
    and hydrophilic groups.
  • What does this mean?
  • To what use is this feature put in biology?

15
More Info
  • To make further notes on Lipids
  • Pages 11 12 in Collins
  • Pages 69 - 71 Roberts
  • www.mrothery.co.uk
  • www.learn.co.uk
  • www.bbc.co.uk/education/asguru/
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