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Lymphatic System and Immunity

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Lymphatic System and Immunity * Helper T cells require stimulation from an antigen-presenting cell. *When the APC and the helper T cell combine the helper T cell will ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lymphatic System and Immunity


1
Lymphatic System and Immunity
2
Fluid Leaves Capillary
Cells
Blood
Blood Capillary
3
Capillaries
4
Functions of Lymphatic System
  • Drain fluid from around cells
  • Absorb fat from intestines
  • Circulate lymph
  • Filter lymph
  • Immunity

5
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Lymph
  • Fluid of the lymphatic system
  • Similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid

7
Lymphatic Vessels
  • Transport lymph
  • Lymph is returned to the circulatory system at
    either the right or left subclavian veins

8
Lymph Nodes
  • Filter lymph
  • Microorganisms
  • Cancer cells
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

9
Thymus
  • Programs some lymphocytes to develop into T-cells

10
Spleen
  • Filters blood
  • Worn out RBC
  • Bacteria
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

11
Fluid Movement
12
Edema
  • Accumulation of interstitial fluid

13
Causes of Edema
  • Blockage of lymphatic system
  • Increased pressure in veins
  • Lack of albumin
  • Decreases fluid returning to blood capillaries by
    osmosis
  • Inflammation

14
Nonspecific Body Defenses
  • Skin
  • Acid
  • Stomach
  • Vagina
  • Mucus
  • Saliva
  • Tears

15
More Nonspecific Defenses
  • Phagocytosis
  • Complement
  • Fever
  • Inflammation

16
Complement
17
Inflammation
  • Bodies response to tissue injury
  • Classic signs
  • Heat
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Pain

18
Skin
Blood
19
Tissue Damaged
20
Histamine Released
21
Capillary More Permeable
22
Capillary More Permeable
23
Capillary More Permeable
24
Wall of Fibrin Forms
25
Pus Forms
26
Steroid Hormones
  • Hydrocortisone, cortisone and others
  • Depress inflammation
  • Used to treat inflammatory diseases
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

27
Antigens
  • Molecules often found in the membrane of cells
  • Antigens of foreign cells stimulate an immune
    response

28
Self Antigens
  • Antigens of our own cells
  • Do not cause an immune response in our body
  • Usually cause an immune response in another
    person
  • MHC proteins
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex

29
Cells of the Immune System
  • APCs
  • Antigen-presenting cells
  • B cells
  • B lymphocytes
  • T cells
  • T lymphocytes

30
Antigen-Presenting Cells
  • Macrophages
  • Engulf foreign cells and attach the cells
    antigens on their MHC proteins

31
Lymphocytes
B Cells
T Cells
32
B Cell
33
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Cytotoxic T Cell Killer T Cell
Receptor
35
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36
Helper T Cell
Receptor
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39
Antigen-Presenting CellAPC
  • Macrophages and other cells
  • Engulfs and digests foreign cells
  • Present antigens on MHC proteins to T cells

40
B Cells
  • Lymphocytes that react directly with antigens
  • Require stimulation from Helper T Cells
  • Offspring become
  • Plasma cells
  • Memory B cells
  • Humoral Immunity

41
Plasma Cells
  • Produce huge numbers of antibodies
  • 2000/second

42
Helper T Cell
  • Reacts with antigen from APC
  • Stimulates Cytotoxic T Cells and B Cells
  • Secretes Interleukin II

43
Cytotoxic T Cells
  • Activated by antigens on any body cell
  • Require stimulation from Helper T Cells
  • Destroys body cells infected with viruses
  • Destroys cancer cells
  • Cellular Immunity

44
Memory Cells
  • T Cells and B Cells
  • Remember antigen
  • React to a second invasion of an antigen more
    rapidly

45
Suppressor T Cells
  • Stops T cells and B cells after an infection has
    been conquered

46
Cytokines
  • Chemicals used in cellular immunity
  • Interleukin I
  • Produced by macrophages
  • Stimulates helper T cells
  • Interleukin II
  • Produced by helper T cells
  • Perforin
  • Causes lysis of target cell

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Virus
Protein Coat
DNA or RNA
53
Virus Attaches to Body Cell
54
Viral DNA Enters Host
55
Protein Coats Synthesized
56
Viral DNA Synthesized
57
Viruses Exit Cell
58
Host Cell Killed by Virus
59
Interferon Produced by Dying Cell
60
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  • HIV Virus
  • Attacks and destroys Helper T Cells
  • Depresses humoral and cellular immunity

61
The End
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