The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution
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Russia-Review
Russia Under the Czars
Byzantine Influence
Mongol Rule
Boyars
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The Romanovs

• Autocratic-ruled with unlimited power
• Resistant to Change
• Oppressive rule

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Alexander II 1856-1881

• Moves Russia toward modernization and social
  change
• Freed serfs
• Redistributed land

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Alexander III 1881-1894

• Halted all reforms made by his father
• Discouraged challenges to his rule by
• Censorship
• Secret Police
• Political Prisoners-sent to Siberia
• Pogroms-Jews

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Russian Pogroms

• 1871-1906
• Widespread anti-Semitism spread from Europe

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The anti-Semitic violence of the Russian pogroms
drove millions of Jews out of the Russian Empire.
In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people emigrated
to escape army conscription and ethnic tensions,
such as the forced assimilation of Hungary's
minority groups.
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Nicholas II Alexandra 1894-1917

• Economic Growth
• Industrialization
• Trans-Siberian Railway
• Growth of revolutionary movements Why?
• Russo-Japanese War (1905)
• 1914 Russia enters WWI

(Nicholas War )
(Russo-Japanese War 123)
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Review Russo-Japanese War

• Cause-Imperialism
• In the late 1800s Russia and Japan were competing
  for territorial control of Manchuria and Korea
• Both nations signed agreements over the
  territories but Russia violated the treaties and
  Japan attacked (1904).

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Review Russia and WWI

• 1914-Czar Nicholas engages Russia into WWI
• Unprepared to handle the military and economic
  costs
• Weak troops and generals-lacked modern technology
• First year-4 million soldiers died
• Revolts on the home front forced the Czar to step
  down ending 300 years of Czarist rule in Russia

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Rasputin

• While Nicholas was dealing with WWI, Rasputin
  became an influential force in Russian policy
  making.
• Self-proclaimed holy man
• Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only
  person who could heal the heir to the throne
  (hemophilia)
• To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key
  political decisions
• Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his
  increasing role in government affairs

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Rasputin
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The Rise of the Bolsheviks

• Warm-Up
• Briefly describe the demise of the Romanovs.
• Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

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Todays Special Russian Revolution! Ingredients
Czarist Rule Russo-Japanese War World War I Urban
Workers Peasant Unrest Ideas of Marx Leadership
of Lenin Bloody Sunday
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Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905
Bloody Sunday 112

• St. Petersburg-Czars Winter Palace
• 200,000 workers gathered asking for better
  working conditions
• Czars generals fired on the unarmed crowd
• More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred
  killed

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• Impact of Bloody Sunday

• Why were Russians outraged?
• Led to creation of the Duma-Russias first
  Parliament
• Dumas intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional
  Monarchy such as Britain.
• Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Why?

   
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The March Revolution
(1905 Factory Strike 102)
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The March Revolution

• March, 1917
• 200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down
• Soldiers sided with the protesters-created
  general uprising
• Czar Nicholas steps down
• A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and
  family-end of 300 year czarist rule
• Duma creates provisional government

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• Lenin
• Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl
  Marx. Main idea working class (proletariat)
  would overthrow the Czar and the working class
  would rule.
• Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism
• Returns to Russia-1917 after Czar steps down
• Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical
  revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice
  everything for change
• Motto Peace, Land, Bread

Lenin the Bolsheviks 226
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Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November
Revolution

• November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew
  provisional government
• Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power
• Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants
• The Bolshevik Government signed a treaty with
  Germany (Brest-Litovsk) and Russia withdrew from
  WWI
• Bolsheviks murdered the Royal family

Lenin Takes Control 501
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Changes
Lenins Rebuilding of Russia 236

• Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP New Economic
  Policy-peasants could sell surplus crops, some
  private ownership, and encouraged foreign
  investment)
• Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party
• Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)
• Lenin has stroke (1922)
• Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph
  Stalin
• Stalin wins and rules as dictator

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Title Stalin
Stalin and Communist Dictatorship
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Totalitarianism

• A government that takes total, centralized, state
  control over every aspect of public and private
  life.
• Key traits of a totalitarianism
• Ideology
• Dynamic Leader
• Dictatorship and One-Party Rule
• State Control of Society
• Modern Technology
• Methods of Enforcement
• State Control of Individuals

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JOSEPH STALIN

• Rise to Power
• Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of
  govt. Used ruthless tactics.
• Gets rid of rival Trotsky
• Eliminates all other enemies
• Builds a totalitarian state
• Women gain equal rights

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• 5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry-
  quotes too high leads to shortages!

• Collective Farms Cause resistance among Kulaks
  (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in
  agriculture

• Great Purge 1934- eliminates anyone who
  threatens his power- uses terror.

• Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to
  collectivization- 7-10 million die!

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Stalins Legacy

Stalin 2128

• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the Soviet
  Union into a political and industrial giant.
• Command Economy-government made all economic
  decisions
• He stood unopposed as dictator of his
  totalitarian state
• Total social control was achieved by terror
• Goes down in history as one of the worlds worst
  tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees
  as a threat)
• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophreni
  c