Chapter%203:%20%20Ancient%20Indian%20Civilizations

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Section 3 Society and Culture
Main Idea For the first Muslims, Islam was more
than a religion. It was a guide to political,
social and cultural life. Early Muslims responded
with spectacular achievement in many fields.

• Objectives
• What were some key features of Muslim society?
• What were some of the accomplishments of Muslim
  scholarship?
• What were some of the contributions to the arts
  made by Muslim artists?

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I. Muslim Society

• The Muslim Empire was divided into three
• caliphates Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba

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I. Muslim Society

• The Quran instructed how society should be
• organized how people should live

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I. Muslim Society

• The family was the core of Muslim daily life
• family members had specific roles and duties

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I. Muslim Society

• The Quran allowed men four wives they
• were required to treat all wives equally

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I. Muslim Society

• Rights of women children were protected
• women equal to men before Allah in the Quran

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I. Muslim Society

• Women lost status during Abbasid dynasty
• had to cover hair and wear veils in public

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I. Muslim Society

• Slavery was common in Arabia, but the Quran
• urged Muslims to free their slaves

A slave market in Zabid, Yemen, depicted in a
painting from 1237
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I. Muslim Society

• The Islamic Empire was at the center of trade
• networks linking Europe, Asia, and Africa

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I. Muslim Society

• They produced quality goods and grew
• wealthy from trade

Persian Carpet
Damascus Steel
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Advanced students attended schools like the
• House of Wisdom to study science, math, or
• law

The Madrasah (Islamic School)
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Medical contributions surgical procedures and
• instruments, disease diagnosis, drugs, and
• hygiene

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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Al-Razi compiled a medical encyclopedia was
• translated into Latin and used in Europe

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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Doctor/scholar Ibn Sina wrote the Canon of
• Medicine

Ibn Sina, aka Avicenna (c. 980 - 1037) was a
Persian and the foremost physician and
philosopher of his time. He was also an
astronomer, chemist, geologist, Hafiz (someone
who has completely memorized the Qur'an), Islamic
psychologist, Islamic scholar, Islamic
theologian, paleontologist, mathematician, Maktab
teacher (taught children in reading, writing,
grammar and Islamic subjects), physicist, poet,
and scientist.
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Ibn Khaldun wrote a history of the Islamic world

The Muqaddimah - An Introduction To History The
Classic Islamic History Of The World
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Ibn Rushd wrote about the relation between
• reason and faith

Ibn Rushd, aka Averroes
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Astronomers accurately measured distance,
• created better maps, and improved the astrolabe

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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Al-Idrisi sent people to record geographic
• features used information for his maps

Tabula Rogeriana ("The map of Roger") drawn by
Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154. The
map is actually oriented with the North at the
bottom. It remained the most accurate world map
for the next three centuries.
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The upside-down view of the Kitab Rudjdjar ("The
book of Roger" in Arabic) drawn by Abu Abdallah
Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abdallah Ibn Idris
al-Qurtubi al-Hasani
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II. Muslim Scholarship

• Arabic number system expressed all numbers
• using only 10 figures also developed algebra

Arabic numerals
Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780 850) wrote about al-jabr
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III. Arts and Literature

• Artists created geometric and floral designs
• (arabesque) calligraphy became the highest art
• form

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III. Arts and Literature

• Architects built elaborate mosques with
• minarets, palaces, marketplaces, and libraries

The Great Mosque of Cordoba
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III. Arts and Literature

• Authors produced poetry and literature, such
• as The Thousand and One Nights

Persian queen Scheherazade reading to Shahryar
(the Great King)
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