More Mendel

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Genetic Variation
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Vocabulary You Should Know
Bio book Chapter 11, pgs. 262-269

• Dominant
• Recessive
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous
• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Monohybrid Cross (punnett squares)

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Laws of Genetics
Bio book Chapter 11, pgs. 265-271

• Principle of Segregation Genes (1 from each
  parent) are separated from each other when
  gametes form (meiosis).
• Principle of Independent Assortment - Alleles for
  different genes separate independently of one
  another when gametes form (meiosis).
• Principle of Dominance Some alleles are
  dominant others are recessive.
• These laws account for the variations in
  inherited characteristics.

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Mendelian Genetics Review

• Gregor Mendel studied biological inheritance with
  ____ plants.
• ______ determine traits.
• Different forms of a gene ______
• The Principle of Dominance states that some
  alleles are _________ others are ________.
• The Principle of Segregation states that during
  gamete formation, ______ segregate from each
  other so that each gamete carries only a ______
  copy of each ____.

pea
Genes
alleles
dominant
recessive
alleles
single
gene
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...There are Exceptions to Every Rule!

• Genetics is not as simple as just dominant or
  recessive
• Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
• Majority of genes have more than 2 alleles
• Many traits are controlled by more than 1 gene

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Incomplete Dominance
Bio book pg. 272

• 2 traits combine to make a 3rd trait.
  Where 1 allele is not completely
  dominant over another
• Ex some flowers. Red White Pink

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Codominance
Bio book pg. 272

• Both traits appear at the same time. Where both
  alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of
  the organism
• Ex Speckled black white chickens, roan colored
  horses

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Multiple Alleles
Bio book pg. 273

• 3 or more alleles of the same gene
• Ex coat color in Labrador retrievers A/B/O/AB
  blood type

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Blood Type
Bio book pg. 344-345

• Multiple Alleles A, B, AB, O
• Codominance AB

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Polygenic Traits
Bio book pg. 273

• Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
• Ex Skin color

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Polygenic Traits
Bio book pg. 273

• Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
• Ex Eye color

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Genetics the Environment
Bio book pg. 274

• Characteristics of any organism are determined
  not only by their inherited genes.
• Characteristics are determined by the interaction
  between the genes the environment
• Genes provide a plan for development, but how
  that plan unfolds also depends on the environment

Surgery
Temperature
Climate
Hygiene
Soil Type
Injuries
Drug Use
Medicines
Sunlight
Nutrition
Resources
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Bio book pg. 341
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Pedigree Chart
Bio book pg. 342-343
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