Your Body

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Your Bodys Defense
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Pathogens

• Bacteria- Some infections bacteria cause include
  sore throats (tonsillitis or strep throat), ear
  infections, cavities, and pneumonia
• Viruses - Most viruses can't survive very long if
  they're not inside a living thing like a plant,
  animal, or person. Viruses cause chickenpox,
  measles, flu, and many other diseases!
• Fungi - An example of something caused by fungi
  is athlete's foot, that itchy rash that teens and
  adults sometimes get between their toes.
• Protozoa - Love moisture and often spread
  diseases through water. Some protozoa cause
  intestinal infections that lead to diarrhea
  nausea.

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Physical Defenses

• First line of defense
• Skin
• Hair
• Mucous
• Cilia
• Saliva
• Tears
• Sweat
• Digestive tract

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Skin

• Protects from micro-organisms entering the body
• Open cuts/ sores provide entrance
• Cells die and are shed

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Sweat

• Our body has many sweat glands
• Sweat is released to control body temp
• Sweat contains acids that kill pathogens

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Mucous Membranes

• Moist linings around all entrances to body
• Covered with mucous
• Mucous sticky substance
• Mucous traps pathogens
• Mucous is released from body

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Saliva Tears

• Contain enzymes that fight pathogens
• Tears wash away foreign substances

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Cilia

• Tiny hair-like structures
• Trap pathogens
• Help remove mucous from body

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Digestive Tract

• Moves pathogens out of body
• Acids/ chemicals in digestive tract
• Stomach/ intestines/ bladder
• Chemicals kill pathogens

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Second Line of Defense

• Occurs after pathogen enters the body
• Inflammation

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Inflammation

• 1st stage of healing
• Increased blood flow to area
• Increased size/ temperature/ redness
• Caused by dilation of blood vessels

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Phagocytes

• Blood brings phagocytes chemicals
• Phagocytes white blood cells
• Digest pathogens, dead cells, waste
• Chemicals
• Kill pathogens start tissue healing

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Last line of defense-Immune System

• Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, lymph, lymphocytes
• Lymph nodes store and filter lymph
• Lymph - fluid containing lymphocytes
• Lymphocytes - white blood cells

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Lymphocytes

• B-cells T-cells
• T-cells
• Produce interferon- warns cells about pathogen
• Kill some pathogens directly
• B-cells create antibodies
• Antibodies bind to pathogens/ toxins until
  phagocytes find them

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Immunity

• Active Immunity-body creates antibodies
• Through sickness or immunization
• Immunization/ vaccine injected with small
  amount of pathogen
• Passive Immunity-passed from mother to child
  through birth or breast milk

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Treatment

• Antibiotics kill living organisms
• Treat bacterial infections only

• Fungi are treated with cream or topical treatment

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Treatment of Virus

• Anti-viral can stop a virus from reproducing
• Most viruses are fought by our immune system
  with
• Rest
• Proper diet
• Water

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Prevention

• Eat well-balanced meals.
• Get enough rest. (8 hours)
• Get exercise. (30 minutes at least 3-4 x week)
• Wash hands/ shower.
• Keep hands out of eyes and mouth.
• Have regular physicals/ dental visits.

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Prevention

• Get vaccinated
• Dont share utensils, glasses, cups etc.
• Avoid sick people.
• Avoid stress. Use stress management techniques.
• Find time to relax.