KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.

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KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses
to pathogens and foreign cells.
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Many body systems work to produce nonspecific
responses.

• Nonspecific responses are the same for every
  pathogen.
• Inflammation Nonspecific response
• white blood cells movetoward infection
  anddamaged tissue

• characterized by swelling, redness, and pain

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• In fever, body temperature increases.
• Macrophages release chemicals that signal the
  hypothalamus to increase the bodys temperature.

• Low fevers stimulate the production of
  interferons.
• Protein that prevents viruses from reproducing.
• Increase activity of white blood cells by
  increasing the rate at which they mature.

• High fevers (above 103)
• - Hypothalamus can no longer regulate body temp.
• can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death.

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Cells of the immune system produce specific
responses.

• Specific immune defenses cellular level
• Our bodies must be able to detect healthy cells
  and foreign/infected cells.
• Specific immune responses begin with the
  detection of antigens.
• Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens.
• Each pathogen has a different antigen.

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• There are two specific immune responses.

• Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy
  infected body cells.

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• There are two specific immune responses.

• Humoral immunity uses B cells to produce
  antibodies.

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• Both responses produce memory cells.

• specialized T and B cells
• provide acquired (active) immunity

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The immune system rejects foreign tissues.

• Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue
  transplants.
• Tissue rejection is the result of an immune
  response.
• immune system detects protein markers on the
  donor tissue
• makes antibodies against the donors tissue