Classification

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Classification

• Headings
• Vocabulary
• Important Words

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CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY

• Classification
• grouping based on similarities
• Taxonomy
• Branch of Biology
• The science of classifying grouping and naming of
  organisms

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Aristotles Classification Scheme

• Greek philosopher who developed first
  classification system
• Divided all organisms into 2 GROUPS
• Non motile (plants)
• Motile (animals)
• Plants grouped by
• size (small, medium, large)
• Animals grouped by
• where they lived (air, water, land)

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Binomial Nomenclature

• A system for naming organisms by structure
  created by Linnaeus
• Although Linneaus didnt realize it, by
  classifying organisms by structure? he was also
  classifying them by evolutionary relationship
• Written in Latin
• Includes the organisms
• Genus CAPITALIZED (noun)
• means beginning
• Species lowercase (adj.)
• Example Homo (man) sapien (wise/thinking)

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Scientific Common Names

• Scientific Name
• genus and species name
• Iguana iguana
• Felis domesticus
• Common name
• Organism is commonly called
• Not used in the scientific community
• Green Iguana
• Domestic Cat

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The New Evolutionary Classification

• Categories that represent lines of evolutionary
  descent
• Not just physical similarities
• This new method is called Evolutionary
  Classification (Cladistics)
• Scientists classify organisms based on their
  Evolutionary Beginnings

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Cladograms

• A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships
• Cladograms are useful tools
• Help scientists understand how one lineage
  branched from another in the course of evolution

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Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram
Evolutionary Decent Class
Physical Similarities
Conical Shells
Crustaceans
Gastropoda
Appendages
Crab Barnacle
Limpet
Molten exoskeleton
Segmentation
Free-swimming larvae
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM
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Kingdoms

• Broadest of all taxa
• Grouped into 3 domains
• Bacteria
• Eubacteria
• 2. Archae-
• Archeabacteria
• 3. Eukarya
• Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

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Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms

• 1. Kingdom Eubacteria
• a. all microscopic prokaryotes
• b. almost all are unicellular
• c. non-motile
• d. commonly called bacteria
• 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• a. prokaryotes
• b. live in extreme environment

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3. Kingdom Protista a. eukaryotes b. uni
and multicellular c. live in moist
environments d. most are simple,
microscopic mobile Examples paramecium,
amoeba, euglena algae
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• 4. Kingdom Fungi
• a. Eukaryotes
• b. Uni and Multicellular
• c. Consumers that do not move
• d. Decompose dead organisms /or waste
  products
• Examples mushrooms, molds, mildew

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5. Kingdom Plantae a. stationary, multicelluar
eukaryotes b. Photosynthetic c. Autotrophs
(make own food) Examples plants
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6. Kingdom Animalia a. Multicellular b.
Consumers that eat digest other
organisms (heterotrophs) c. May be
herbivores, carnivores omnivores Examples
Animals
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Complete Classification of Humans

• 4. Class (Mammalia)
• 5. Order (Primates)
• 6. Family (Hominid)
• 7. Genus (Homo)
• 8. Species (sapien)

• Kingdom (Animalia)
• Phylum (Chordata)
• Dorsal nerve cord-cartilage
• Vertebrae
• Subphylum (Vertebrata)