KEY%20CONCEPT%20The%20biosphere%20is%20one%20of%20Earth

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KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earths four
interconnected systems.
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Objectives

• Describe the interactions of the biosphere,
  hydrosphere, and geosphere
• Describe the interactions of biotic and abiotic
  factors in the biosphere

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Vocabulary

• Atmosphere
• Biosphere
• Biota
• Geosphere
• Hydrosphere

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The biosphere is the portion of Earth that is
inhabited by life.

• The biosphere includes all ecosystems.
• one of Earths systems

• includes the biota, all the living things in the
  biosphere

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• There are three other Earth systems.

• hydrospherewater, ice, and water vapor
• atmosphereair blanketing Earths solid and
  liquid surface
• geospheregeologic features above and below
  Earths surface

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Biotic and abiotic factors interact in the
biosphere.

• All four Earth systems are interconnected.
• The Gaia hypothesis considers Earth as a kind of
  living organism.
• Earth systems interact to yield a biosphere
  capable of supporting life.
• It was developed by James Lovelock and Lynn
  Margulis.

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What is the relationship between the biota and
the biosphere?
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How does the Gaia hypothesis explain the
interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in
the biosphere
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How might a rise in global temperatures affect
the biosphere?
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Explain how feedback loops, such as those
described by the Gaia hypothesis might apply to
predator prey relationships
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KEY CONCEPT Climate is a key abiotic factor that
affects the biosphere.
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Objectives

• Differentiate between weather, climate, and
  microclimates
• Identify factors that determine Earths climate
  zones

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Climate is the prevailing weather of a region.

• Climate is the long-term pattern of weather
  conditions.
• average temperature
• precipitation
• relative humidity
• Key factors shape an areas climate.
• temperature
• sunlight
• water
• wind

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• A microclimate is the climate of a small specific
  place within a larger area.

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Earth has three main climate zones.

• The three main zones are the polar, tropical, and
  temperate climates.
• polar climate the far northernand southern
  regions ofEarth
• tropical zone surrounds the equator
• temperate zone the wide area in betweenthe
  polar and tropical zones

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• The angle of the Suns rays help determine an
  areas climate.

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• Earths tilt on its axis plays a role in seasonal
  change.

• Solar heating causes movements in both water and
  air.
• wind
• ocean currents
• Earths rotation also has effects on the winds
  and currents

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• Landmasses shape inland climates.

• larger changes in temperatures
• less precipitation
• Oceans shape coastal climates.
• smaller changes in temperatures
• higher humidity
• more precipitation

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• Mountains have an effect on climate.

• Precipitation occurs on the side of the mountain
  facing the wind.
• On the downwind side, drier and cooler air
  produce a rain shadow.
• A rain shadow is an area of decreased
  precipitation.

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• Many organisms survive in a specific climate due
  to their adaptations.

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What is the difference between climate and weather
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What are the 3 different climate zones, and where
are they located?
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Would areas along the shores of the Great Lakes
have warmer summers and colder winters than other
inland areas? Explain.
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Would you expect an area with several
microclimates to have more or fewer ecological
niches? Explain.
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KEY CONCEPT Marine ecosystems are global.
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Objectives

• Identify the 4 major ocean zones and organisms
  unique to each zone
• Describe the unique habitats of coastal waters

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The ocean can be divided into zones.

• Ocean zones can be determined by their distance
  from shoreline and water depths.
• intertidal zonebetween low and high tide

• neritic zonefrom intertidal zone to continental
  shelf
• bathyal zonefrom neritic zone to base of
  continental shelf
• abyssal zone lies below 2000 m

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• The neritic zone harbors more biomass than any
  other zone.

• Plankton make up most of the biomass.
• zooplankton
• phytoplankton

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Coastal waters contain unique habitats.

• Coral reefs are found in warm waters.
• tropical climate zone
• great amount of biomass

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• Kelp forests are found in cold, nutrient-rich
  waters.

• large communities of seaweed
• great amount of biomass

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What criteria do scientists use to divide the
ocean into different zones?
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What conditions account for the development of
highly diverse habitats in coastal waters?
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A red tide occurs when a bloom of plankton causes
a reddish discoloration of coastal ocean waters.
What might cause such an increase in plankton
populations?