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Literary%20devices%20in%20the%20Bibles

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Title: Literary%20devices%20in%20the%20Bibles


1
Literary devices in the Bibles
2
plot
  • plot  what happens in the story, the actual
    events
  • To make sense of plot, take into consideration
    background or events that have happened before
    the story takes place but related to the plot
  • Track what conflicts or disagreements/struggles
    arise between characters

3
narrative
  • narrative sequence of interrelated events as
    related to us through words or actions in the
    text (what were told in the order were told it,
    not always in the order it happens)
  • exposition fills in gaps, offers information
    that doesnt come directly from characters or
    situation, sometimes giving background or
    explanation (of local custom, etc.)

4
setting (1)
  • where when in what mood story takes place
  • general setting time/year, place of world, and
    situation in which events transpire
  • immediate/specific setting specific place, time
    of day, even buildings/rooms in which events
    transpire
  • Remember to consider the mood/atmosphere of
    situation as well

5
setting (2)
  • atmosphere emotional sense of a scene or story,
    sometimes as result of setting, often as result
    of language used or events described
  • mood similar to atmosphere, but the result of
    atmosphere
  • tone the narratives (not the readers)
    attitude toward the subject matter, given through
    diction/word-choice

setting atmosphere mood
6
irony
  • Ancient texts often employ a contradiction
    between what is expected and what we actually
    get
  • verbal irony contradiction between what a
    character says and what readers know s/he
    believes (sarcasm, etc.)
  • situational irony discrepancy between
    expectation and reality based on plot
  • dramatic irony when a characters words or
    actions come to haunt them or cause their demise
    later

7
imagery
  • imagery any description that appeals to the
    senses (sight, smell, touch, sound, taste)
  • motif image repeated enough times that it
    develops or accrues different meaning through
    repetition
  • controlling image image (sometimes repeated)
    that represents the main idea of a story (so not
    just any old motif)

8
comparisons (1)
  • metaphorreplaces thing A with thing B to
    describe thing B for direct comparison
  • Direct
  • Implied
  • Extended
  • symbolstands in for an idea, or the idea of
    something else
  • simileequates two different things through sense
    of like or as

Metaphor ? symbol!
9
comparisons (2)
  • hyperbole (overstatement), meiosis
    (understatement)
  • allusion indirect reference to something
    outside the work whose meaning readers can drag
    in to expand interpretation can also refer to
    something earlier in the same work or a nearby
    work
  • Remember original meaning of Greek biblia
    biblia as little books, so the books
    included in the Bibles comprise separate works
  • allegory characters stand in for human
    qualities
  • parable teaches through story w/ everyday
    elements
  • proverb bit of wisdom delivered through story

10
like people
  • personification literally making into a
    person discusses non-human beings and inanimate
    things as if human
  • anthropomorphism literally changing into a
    human gives non-human beings and inanimate
    things human qualities

11
meaning
  • ambivalence
  • double-path a conflicted attitude on part of
    narrative, character, or reader
  • Two opposed responses that are equally valuable
    or true
  • Ex a love-hate relationship
  • ambiguity
  • cannot be decided cannot be assigned a single
    definite meaning because either defies or absorbs
    any meaning applied
  • double meaning/double entendre
  • word, statement, or image that has two
    simultaneous meanings that are not opposed but
    simply different (especially in meaning)
  • Ex It was a dark day.
  • (Much sexual innuendo works this way)

12
elements
  • Denotation
  • Literal/technical meaning of a word, phrase or
    idea
  • Remember D for dictionary, D for denotation
  • Connotation
  • Emotional or associated meanings beyond the
    denotation

13
particular to Biblical lit(see terms sheet)
  • Apocalyptic literature
  • Cosmogony
  • Deuteronomistic History
  • Epistle
  • Ethnogony
  • Etiology
  • Kerygma
  • Theodicy
  • Typology
  • Wisdom literature
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