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Do hydration packs modify hydration in all day skiing?

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Tracey J. Dickson, PhD; Gordon Waddington, PhD; Stephen Trathen, University of Canberra Roger Adams, PhD., University of Sydney – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Do hydration packs modify hydration in all day skiing?


1
Do hydration packs modify hydration in all day
skiing?
  • Tracey J. Dickson, PhD Gordon Waddington, PhD
    Stephen Trathen, University of Canberra
  • Roger Adams, PhD., University of Sydney

2
Background
  • Maintaining adequate hydration levels in
    endurance sport has been shown to impact
    positively on performance measures and may assist
    in reducing the incidence of injury (Shiffeffs,
    2008 Judelso, et al, 2007 Seifert et al, 2006
    Barr, 1999)
  • Environmental factors such as altitude and cold
    temperatures exacerbate fluid loss (Seifert et
    al, 2000)
  • A water deficit (e.g. 1-2 of body mass) will
    impair physical performance a slightly larger
    loss will bring symptoms of tiredness, headache
    and general malaise (Maughan, 2003)

3
Methods (1)
  • Ski patrollers were randomly allocated to either
    wear a backpack hydration system (Source
    Descender with 1.5 l of water), or undertake
    their normal hydration practice, and the
    alternate the next day, over 2 consecutive days
    of work-related skiing

Equipment testing day
4
Methods (2)
  • On each day patrollers wore a data-logging device
    (GPSport Spi Elite with heart rate monitor)
    located in the upper thoracic region, to record
  • Heart rate
  • Speed
  • Acceleration
  • Location

5
Methods (3)
  • Weight, BMI, body fat (using Bioelectrical
    Impedance Analysis ) and body water were measured
    with digital scales prior to work commencing
    (approx. 7.30 a.m.) and at the conclusion of the
    day (approx. 5.00 p.m.)
  • Participants maintained a record of their intake
    during the day
  • Food
  • Fluids, including refilling of the hydration pack

6
GPSport Spi Elite data example
Shows the route taken. Colour indicates speed
range Dragging the mouse over the route reveals
speed, heart rate and time of day
Tri-axial accelerometer data showing body
acceleration All data recorded at either 100 or
200 times/sec
7
Resort trail map Patrollers huts
8
Results (1)
  • 3 female and 14 males participants
  • 45 of professional ski patrollers (the resort
    also uses volunteer patrollers)
  • Average hours worked each day gt 7.5 hours
  • Distance travelled per day (includes riding
    lifts, shuttle buses and skidoos)
  • Range 9 60 km (Mean 32 km)
  • Maximum speeds
  • Range 25-104 kph (Mean 25 kph)

9
Results (2)
  • There was a significant difference between
    morning and afternoon hydration levels in
    subjects when participants used the hydration
    system (p0.03) (Paired samples t-test)
  • Normal body water range
  • Females 50-60
  • Males 53-65

10
Results (3)
  • There was no difference between the morning and
    afternoon in terms of average speed (kph) of the
    participants (p.262)

11
Results (3)
  • The relative improvement in hydration when using
    the hydration pack was 0.5 of body mass
  • The relative reduction in hydration when the
    participant undertook their normal hydration
    practice was 0.12

12
Discussion
Experience design
Resort design
  • If professional skiers can experience a decrease
    in hydration, what is the impact upon
    recreational skiers?
  • This research also raises questions related to
    access to water from a Systems Approach to design

Graphic commun-ication design
Building design
Hydration
Product design (fashion hydration)
Work design
13
Discussion design solutions (1)
  • Experience design
  • practice of designing products, processes,
    services, events, and environments with a focus
    placed on the quality of the user experience
  • gt what is the desired quintessential experience
    desired by the visitor and how is this
    facilitated?
  • Resort and building design
  • Where is water available for fluid intake?
  • Where are the toilets available for fluid
    out-take?

14
Discussion design solutions (2)
  • Product design
  • Are snowsport fashion design conducive to
    carrying water?
  • E.g. patrollers vest weigh 3kg with the first
    aid equipment, with the water they were over 4.5
    kg which could lead to neck and shoulder pain
  • Is it cool/fashionable to wear a hydration pack

15
Discussion design solutions (3)
  • Work design
  • Is their sufficient time and opportunity in the
    day to obtain adequate hydration and resultant
    bladder evacuation?
  • Is there appropriate staff facilities to store
    extra fluids/food that can be accessed during the
    day?
  • Is there a work culture to support positive
    hydration?
  • Are there means to assess hydration throughout
    the day?

Urine colour chart
16
Discussion design solutions (4)
  • Graphic and communication design
  • If there is an identified need to increase
    hydration levels,
  • How is that communicated?
  • What are the most effective communication
    channels to reach the target audience? e.g.
  • Education, social marketing, viral marketing,
    twitter, SMS
  • Indentify barriers to communication, e.g.
  • Key stakeholders who manage or control the
    message
  • People who are misinformed
  • Ineffective communication strategies

17
Conclusion
  • Results suggest that wearing a hydration pack
    increases the hydration levels at the end of a
    day of skiing for work
  • Further research needs to be conducted to explore
    the impact of hydration levels on balance, injury
    risk and recovery in diverse snowsport
    populations, including recreational participants.
  • If there is a correlation between hydration,
    injury risk and recovery, then design solutions
    need to be investigated that draw upon
    interdisciplinary insights

18
Study limitations
  • Once participants knew which group they had been
    randomised to they may have primed themselves
    by increasing their fluid intake when not wearing
    a pack, or become more aware of the need for
    hydration, thus reducing any difference between
    groups
  • As participation was voluntary it may be possible
    that those who participated were more interested
    or aware of their hydration needs

19
Acknowledgements
  • This project was funded by a ACT Healthpact grant
    and a University of Canberra Interdisciplinary
    Grant
  • Thanks to the patrollers and management of
    Perisher Resort for their assistance
  • Data collection supported by research assistant,
    Jared Gilkison

20
Contacts
  • Dr Tracey J Dickson (Tourism)
  • Tracey.Dickson_at_canberra.edu.au
  • Assoc Professor Gordon Waddington (Health)
  • Gordon.Waddington_at_canberra.edu.au
  • Mr Stephen Trathen (Design)
  • Stephen.Trathen_at_canberra.edu.au
  • Dr Roger Adams (Statistics)
  • R.Adams_at_usyd.edu.au
  • GPSports Systems
  • http//gpsports.com/gpsports_website/

21
References
  • Barr SI (1999) Effects of dehydration on exercise
    performance. Can J Appl Physiol Apr 24(2)
    164-72.
  • Judelson DA, Maresh CM, Anderson JM, Armstrong
    LE, Casa DJ, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS (2007),
    Hydration and muscular performance does fluid
    balance affect strength, power and high-intensity
    endurance? Sports Med 37 (10) 907-21
  • Maughan, R. J. (2003). Impact of mild dehydration
    on wellness and on exercise performance. Eur J
    Clin Nutr, 57(S2), S19-S23.
  • Seifert, J. G., Luetkemeier, M. J., White, A. T.,
    Mino, L. M., Miller, D. (2000). Fluid balance
    during slalom training in elite collegiate alpine
    racers. Paper presented at the 2nd International
    Congress on Skiing and Science, St. Christoph,
    Austria.
  • Seifert, J. G., E. R. Burke, A. White and M. J.
    Luetkemeier (2006). The effects of ad libitum
    fluid ingestion on fluid balance during alpine
    skiing in recreational skiers. Journal of Sports
    Sciences 24(2) 137(6).
  • Shirreffs SM (2008), Symposium on Performance,
    exercise and health Hydration, fluids and
    performance. Proc Nutr Soc Nov 17 1-6
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