Climate

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Chapter 3

• Climate Vegetation

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Seasons

• Earth is titled at a 23.5 degree angle in
  relation to the sun.
• Earths tilt and revolution cause the sun to stay
  on certain parts of the earth for more hours at
  certain times of the year.

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• Tropic of Cancer- Line of latitude that marks the
  farthest point north that the suns rays shine
  directly overhead at noon.
• Tropic of Capricorn- Line of latitude that marks
  the farthest point south that the suns rays
  shine directly overhead at noon.

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• Solstice- either of two times of year when the
  suns rays shine directly overhead at noon at the
  furthest points north or south, marking the
  beginning of summer and winter. (Summer- June
  21st or 22nd Winter- December 22nd or 23rd)

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• Equinox- each of the two days in a year on which
  day and night are equal in length, marking the
  beginning of spring and autumn. (Spring- March
  21st Autumn- September 23rd)

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Weather Climate

• Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a
  particular location and time.
• Climate is the term for weather conditions at a
  particular location over a long period of time.

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Precipitation

• Depends on the amount of water vapor in the air
  and the movement of that air.
• Types- Rain, sleet, snow hail.

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Weather Extremes

• Hurricanes- also known as typhoons in Asia, are
  storms that form over warm, tropical ocean
  waters.
• Other names throughout the world- tropical
  cyclones, willy-willies (Australia) baguios
  (Philippines), and chubascos (Mexico).

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• Category/Wind Speed1 74-95 mph2 96-110 mph3
  111-130 mph4 131-155 mph5 156 mph

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Tornadoes

• Tornado- powerful funnel-shaped column of
  spiraling air. (Twisters)
• Unlike hurricanes, tornadoes can form quickly.

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Tornado Scale
Category Wind Speeds(MPH) Damage
F-0 40-72 Chimney damage, tree branches broken
F-1 73-112 Mobile homes overturned
F-2 113-157 Mobile home demolished
F-3 158-206 Cars thrown
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F-4 207-260 Well-constructed walls leveled
F-5 261-318 Homes lifted off of foundations/ cars thrown 100 yards
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Blizzard

• Heavy snowstorm with winds of more than 35 miles
  per hour making it very difficult to see.
• 1921 Silver Lake, Colorado- 76 inches of snow
  fell in 24 hours.
• 1959 Mt. Shasta, California- 6 day snow storm
  dumped nearly 16 feet of snow.

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Drought

• Drought- Long period of time without any rain or
  very little precipitation.
• Droughts can cause extreme crop failure and
  reduced levels in water storage facilities.

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Floods

• Flood- a time when water spreads over land not
  normally covered with water.
• 1993- A flood in Mississippi and Missouri caused
  15 million dollars in damage and claimed the
  lives of 50 people. Over 150 rivers and
  tributaries were involved.

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• Convection is the transfer of heat in the
  atmosphere by upward motion of the air.

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• El Nino- a weather pattern created by the warming
  of the waters off the west coast of South
  America, which pushes warm water and heavy rains
  toward the Americas and produces drought
  conditions in Australia and Asia.
• La Nina is the complete opposite.

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Ecosystem

• An independent community of plants and
• animals.
• The ecosystem of a region is referred to as
• a biome. (Examples- forest, grassland,
• desert tundra).

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Chapter 3 Section 3

• Climate Regions

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Tropical Wet
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Tropical Wet Dry
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Desert
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Semiarid
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Mediterranean
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Humid Subtropical
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Marine West Coast
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Humid Continental
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Subartic
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Tundra
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Ice Cap
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Highlands