Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

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Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Lisa Wald and Penelope Nichols USGS Pasadena
Madrona K-8
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological
Survey
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Global Distribution of Earthquakes
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Plate Tectonics
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological
Survey
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Plate Boundaries
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Three Types of Faults
Strike-Slip
Thrust
Normal
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Strike-slip Fault Example
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Normal Fault Example
Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada
earthquake December 16, 1954
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Strike-slip Fault Example
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
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Thrust Fault Example
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The San Andreas Fault
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Thrust Fault Example
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Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake
Rupture on a Fault
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Surface of the earth
Depth Into the earth
100 km (60 miles)
Distance along the fault plane
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0
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What Controls the Level of Shaking?

• Magnitude
• More energy released
• Distance
• Shaking decays with distance
• Local soils
• amplify the shaking

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Is there such a thing as Earthquake Weather???
No!
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If the earth is shaking as a result of plate
movement, volcanic activity, or an
explosionMake predictions about what could
happen before viewing the next slides
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
KGO-TV News ABC-7
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting
Landers, CA 1992
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Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction
Source National Geophysical Data Center
Niigata, Japan 1964
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Earthquake Effects - Landslides
Source National Geophysical Data Center
Turn again Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left
inset) Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989
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Earthquake Effects - Fires
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
KGO-TV News ABC-7
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Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis
1957 Aleutian Tsunami
Photograph Credit Henry Helbush. Source
National Geophysical Data Center
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Seismic Waves
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Earthquake Magnitude
M5
M6
M7
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We can make predictions about WHERE earthquakes
might occur BUT WE CANT YET PREDICT WHEN!
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Earthquake Location
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Pacific-North American Plate Boundary
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Think about what you can change in your room,
home, school to1) Lessen the harm of an
earthquake2) Deal with the aftermath of an
earthquake.
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What do we do in case of an earthquake?
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Check this outand work with your family to
create a Disaster Kit and PlanREADY.GOV
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Think smart Think ahead.Take action.