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Genetic Engineering

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Title: Genetic Engineering


1
Genetic Engineering
2
What is Genetic Engineering?
  • Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an
    organisms genes to create a desired
    characteristic.
  • AKA changing an organisms DNA

3
What Is Genetic Engineering is Used For?
  • Scientists uses genetic engineering to knock out
    certain genes from an organism in order to
    observe the effects and mutations caused by those
    genes.
  • With the mapping of the human genome and the
    genomes of other important animals and plants,
    scientists have been able to manipulate the genes
    of other organisms in order to produce beneficial
    products for humans.

4
Types of Genetic Engineering
  • Selective Breeding Allowing only those animals
    with the desired charcteristics to reproduce the
    next generation.
  • Ex. Nearly all domestic animals

5
Selective Breeding
6
Types of Genetic Engineering
  • Hybridization
  • Labradoodle
  • The Crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring
    together the best of both organisms.
  • Hybrids are usually hardier than either parent.

7
Inbreeding
  • The continued breeding of individuals with
    similar charcteristics
  • 1. Breeders use this to maintain desired
    characteristics of a line of organisms.
  • 2. Problems result b/c there is always a chance
    that a cross between 2 individuals will bring
    together 2 recessive alleles.
  • Ex. Blindness, joint- deformities.

8
Genetically Engineered Foods
  • Just kidding. Farmers have been producing foods
    that have been genetically altered to be more
    nutritious, delicious, resistant to harmful
    pesticides and have the ability to repel pests.
  • Harmful long term effects have yet to be seen in
    consumers.

9
Creating Your Own Child
  • Scientists and doctors have been able to
    genetically plan certain characteristics in
    embryos. Since the mapping of the human genome,
    finding specific genes and their qualities has
    become much simpler. Parents now have an
    opportunity to design their ideal child.

10
Controversies
  • Consumers of the genetically engineered foods are
    worried about the adverse effects that the foods
    might have on them. Since this is a new
    technology, there hasnt been a lot of time to
    examine the long term effects of these new foods.
  • Some consider it inorganic.

11
DNA Fingerprinting
  • Samples of organisms DNA is exposed to
    restriction enzyme which cuts it into pieces
  • DNA is run through an electrophoresis machine
    using gels
  • Since DNA is cut at certain sequences, each piece
    is a different length and has a different weight
  • Pieces that are heavier stay at the top of the
    gel, while lighter will run to the bottom of
    the gel

12
DNA Fingerprinting
  • 5. Every person is genetically different so their
    gels would appear different
  • A. identical twins have identical DNA
    fingerprints
  • B. people who are closely related have similar
    DNA markers

13
DNA Fingerprinting Applications
  • A. can be used to identify or eliminate suspects
  • B. can be used to determine paternity of a child
  • C. can be used to identify a deceased person
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