Contrastive Phonology English-German

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Contrastive PhonologyEnglish-German
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Plosives
p pop, stop b bed, bomb t tense,
cut d disk, did k cold, kick g go,
gig ? uh-oh
Q butter, better
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Fricatives
f finger, tough v vase, have T through,
tooth D that, teeth s swim, kiss z zoo,
desire, has S shy, bush Z vision,
garage h hat, inhall
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Fricatives
s S Stone Stein Spare sparen Sling Sc
hlinge Snow Schnee Smell schmecken
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German Fricatives
C ich, Milch, China x Krach, Bach, doch
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Affricates
tS cheap, match dZ jump, garage
pf Pferd, Pfahl ts Zeit, Zunge
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Nasals
m mother, from n nasty, can Î sing, king
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Liquids and Glides
ò road, car l light, ball y you,
use w window, what
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Classification of consonants

• Voicing
• Manner of articulation
• Place of articulation

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(No Transcript)
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Voiced voiceless consonants
f father v vase
s salt z zoo
t tree d door
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Manner of articulation
Plosives Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Glid
es
p b t d k g ?
f v T D s z S Z
tS dZ
m n Î
l
w y ò
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Place of articulation
Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Pala-Ale
v. Velar
p b m w
f v
T D
t d s z n l ò
S Z tS dZ y
k g Î w
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English consonants
Bilabial Labio-dental Inter-dental Alveol. Alveol.-palatal Velar
Stop p b t d k g
Affricate tS dZ
Fricative f v T D s z S Z
Nasal m n Î
Lateral l
Glide w ò y

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German consonants
Bilabial Labio-dental Alveola Alveol.-palatal. Palatal Velar
Stop p b t d k g
Affricate pf ts tS dZ
Fricative f v s z S Z C x
Nasal m n Î
Lateral l
Glide y R

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Differences

• Only in English T D w
• Only in German C x pf ts
• R-sounds r R
• Latarals dark vs. light l
• Phonotactics z beginning of word
• Phonotactics ? beginning of word
• Phonotactics b, d, g, v, z, Z, dZ

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Classification of vowels

• height
• advancement
• lip rounding
• tenseness

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English tense vowels
i teeth, keep, heat, he, people,
money ei gray, okay, hay, bait, great,
they u boot, who, too, taboo ou over, boat,
grow, though
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The Great English Vowel Shift
i u aI aU e(e)
o(o) E O a
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English lax vowels
I injury, insist, bit, business, hit E bet,
reception, head, says, guest, bed æ bat, anger,
had, comrade, rally, hat U put, could, butcher,
hood, good O caught, bought, core,
wrong a father, sergeant, hospital,
car ö but, tough, another _at_ among, diet,
salary
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English diphthongs
aI island, bite, aisle, hide, high,
height aw bout, brown, doubt, flower, loud,
how oI boy, rejoice, annoy, toy
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English diphthongs
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English vowel chart
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German tense vowels
i Vieh, Igel e Reh, Esel E gähnen.
Ähre y früh, über ï Böhe, Österreich u Kuh,
Uhu o Boot, Ofen a nah, Aachen
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German lax vowels
I Kind, Indien E Stern, England Y Fürst û
Gehör, örtlich U Sturm O Holm a Halm _at_ bit
te
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German diphthongs
aI Eis, reiten, Brei aw braun, Auto,
Bau oI heute, Euter
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German vowel chart
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Phonemes and allophones
thOp top aspirated stOp stop plain
/p t k/ ? ph th kh / __, V' p t k
elsewhere
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Contrastive complementary distribution
lk lack param wind rk rack irim nam
e lif leaf pal foot rif reef mal hor
se
l ? r / V __ V l elsewhere r ? l /
__ r elsewhere
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Aspiration
thOt top aspirated stOp stop plain
/p t k/ ? ph th kh / __, V' p t k
elsewhere
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Nasalization
kæ?n can kãm come
/V/ ? V? / __N V elsewhere
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Vowel lengthening
bEd bed hv have
/V/ ? V / __ voice V elsewhere
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Flapping
böQr butter bEQr better
/t/ ? Q / after stressed syllables at
the beginning of an unstressed syllable t
elsewhere
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Interference
have hf come kam leg lEk kill kIl is
Is bag bk
bomb bOmp back bk jump Zömp laugh laf
begin b_at_gIn give gIf
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Auslautverhärtung
have hv come kam leg lEg kill kIl is
Iz bag bg
bomb bOmb back bk jump Zömp laugh laf
begin b_at_gIn give gIv
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Auslautverhärtung
Hund Hunde Weg Wege tob toben Bund Bünde bunt
bunte
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German
axt eight IC I bux book ECt real
lOx hole sprIC speak hox hoch lEC_at_ln
smile fluxt flight riC_at_n smell lax_at_n l
augh fECt_at_n to fence
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German
axt eight IC I bux book ECt real
lOx hole sprIC speak hox hoch lEC_at_ln
smile fluxt flight riC_at_n smell lax_at_n l
augh fECt_at_n to fence
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Exercise 1

• Provide the phonetic symbol
• High front tense unrounded vowel
• Low back lax unrounded vowel
• Voiced labiodental fricative
• Voiceless palatal fricative
• Voiced velar nasal

i
a
v
S
Î
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Exercise 2
Provide the articulatory features

1. z
2. dZ
3. y
4. I
5. U

Voiced, alveolar, fricative
Voiced, palatal-alveolar, affricate
Voiced, palatal, glide
High, front, lax, unrounded
High, back, lax rounded
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Exercise 3
Identify the common articulatory features

1. k, Î, g, x
2. v, Z, z, D
3. w, y
4. i, e, o, u
5. e, o, O, E

velar
voiced fricatives
glides
tense vowels
mid vowels
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Exercise 4
Provide the IPA symbol for the first speech sound

1. though
2. easy
3. knife
4. thought
5. contact

D

1. judge
2. Thomas
3. physics
4. civic
5. use

dZ
t
i
f
n
s
T
k
y
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Exercise 5
Write in ordinary English

1. ritS
2. rIdZ
3. kaIt
4. ktSn
5. TÎks
6. Sules

reach
ridge
kite
action
thanks
shoelace
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Exercise 5 (Italian)
faÎgo mud tinta dye tEnda tent tEÎgo
I keep tiÎgo I dye fuÎgo mushroom nero bl
ack byaÎka shite aÎke also dansa dance
dZEnte people sapone soap
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Exercise 5 (Italian)
faÎgo mud tinta dye tEnda tent tEÎgo
I keep tiÎgo I dye fuÎgo mushroom nero bl
ack byaÎka shite aÎke also dansa dance
dZEnte people sapone soap
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Exercise 7 (Old English)
briÎgan to bring lUvU love driÎkan to
drink mannes mans fst fast mona moon
fifta fifth nixsta next fOlk folk Of
frian to offer fOnt font Ovans oven hat
hot non noon hloT troop rux roug
h TUÎgEn full grown l_at_Îgan to
lengthen nixt night hrvn raven
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Exercise 7 (Old English)
briÎgan to bring lUvU love driÎkan to
drink mannes mans fst fast mona moon
fifta fifth nixsta next fOlk folk Of
frian to offer fOnt font Ovans oven hat
hot non noon hloT troop rux roug
h TUÎgEn full grown l_at_Îgan to
lengthen nixt night hrvn raven
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Exercise 7 (Old English)
briÎgan to bring lUvU love driÎkan to
drink mannes mans fst fast mona moon
fifta fifth nixsta next fOlk folk Of
frian to offer fOnt font Ovans oven hat
hot non noon hloT troop rux roug
h TUÎgEn full grown l_at_Îgan to
lengthen nixt night hrvn raven
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Exercise 7 (Old English)
briÎgan to bring lUvU love driÎkan to
drink mannes mans fst fast mona moon
fifta fifth nixsta next fOlk folk Of
frian to offer fOnt font Ovans oven hat
hot non noon hloT troop rux roug
h TUÎgEn full grown l_at_Îgan to
lengthen nixt night hrvn raven
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German
axt eight IC I bux book ECt real
lOx hole sprIC speak hox hoch lEC_at_ln
smile fluxt flight riC_at_n smell lax_at_n l
augh fECt_at_n to fence